Only a very small amount of the chemotherapeutic drugs given systemically for the treatment of pediatric brain tumors actually reaches the brain, due to the blood-brain barrier’s efficiency at excluding the entry of most agents that circulate in the blood. As a result, the current outlook for children with recurrent malignant brain tumors is extremely poor. To address this issue, Dr. David Sandberg, is enrolling patients in new studies with novel therapies that inject medications directly into the fourth ventricle of the brain to potentially improve outcomes for children with brain tumors.