Trading rigs and rock samples for spreadsheets and shareholder battles, Mark Viviano, CFA from Kimmeridge walks through how he stumbled into energy investing, why shale rewired valuation thinking, and how the sector managed to grow like crazy while lighting free cash flow on fire. The convo hits consolidation, why big institutions mostly hide in the top names, and why activism plus a technical bench might be the only way to get boards to move faster.

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00:00 Safe harbor and why this convo exists
01:15 Mark’s path into investing
03:05 Building credentials and breaking into research
05:16 Landing on the energy team
08:03 Conventional to shale and valuation shifts
13:18 The negative free cash flow era
16:29 Why energy shrank inside the S&P
17:24 Too many public E&Ps and consolidation
20:18 Institutions hug the biggest names
23:06 Expertise drain and small caps struggle
28:54 Leaving Wellington and joining Kimmeridge
32:03 Why activism matters in energy
37:05 Timing the move into 2020
40:10 How activism fits the sector today
47:57 Portfolio quality over top down labels
57:39 Gas, power, and AI data center demand
01:01:11 New revenue streams and the next cycle

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