Hypervisors and containers minimize overhead differently, which changes how isolation can fail and how you defend it. We distinguish threats to hypervisors—escape exploits, insecure device emulation, overprivileged management APIs—from container risks such as shared kernels, vulnerable images, and noisy orchestration metadata. You’ll learn why host hardening, minimal attack surface, secure boot, and timely patching matter more as density increases, and how kernel namespaces, cgroups, capabilities, and seccomp profiles reduce container privileges. We also examine image provenance, scanning, and signing to prevent shipping vulnerabilities at build time. The exam frequently tests whether you can choose controls that match each isolation model’s weak points.

We turn theory into practice with patterns you can recognize quickly. For hypervisors, enforce out-of-band management networks, MFA for admins, and strict RBAC with per-action logging; for containers, use read-only filesystems where possible, avoid running as root, and gate deployments behind admission controllers that verify signatures and policy. We discuss secrets management that never bakes keys into images, node-level telemetry that distinguishes host from guest signals, and runtime detection tuned for container behaviors. Troubleshooting topics include privilege creep via “:” mounts, stale base images that reintroduce fixed CVEs, and snapshot restores that roll back patched kernels. Evidence of effectiveness includes vulnerability scan reports tied to image digests, policy evaluation results at admission, and audit logs from orchestrators showing who deployed what, when, and where. With these controls, you will select exam options that preserve isolation, limit blast radius, and keep build-to-run pipelines trustworthy. Produced by BareMetalCyber.com, where you’ll find more cyber audio courses, books, and information to strengthen your educational path. Also, if you want to stay up to date with the latest news, visit DailyCyber.News for a newsletter you can use, and a daily podcast you can commute with.