The standard cell potential (E°cell) for a voltaic cell is calculated using E°cell = E°cathode − E°anode, where E° values come from standard reduction potential tables. A positive E°cell indicates a spontaneous reaction capable of producing electricity. Reduction occurs at the cathode (higher potential), and oxidation occurs at the anode (lower potential). Cell notation is written as: Anode|Anode Ion||Cathode Ion|Cathode.