IP packet headers are the little passports every packet carries as it travels across the network. They store the metadata: where the packet came from, where it’s heading, how long it can live, which protocol it belongs to, and how routers should treat it. In this episode, we unpack the full IPv4 header—version bits, header length, QoS markers, fragmentation controls, TTL behavior, protocol identifiers, checksum validation, and the optional fields used for routing, timestamps, and security. Once you see how each component works, you understand how the internet enforces order inside billions of tiny travelling datagrams.

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