Here we provide a comprehensive overview of Alzheimer's disease (AD) research, tracing its evolution from its initial discovery to current and future directions. This resource explains how AD was historically misunderstood as a rare condition before being redefined as a major public health crisis, leading to the development of the amyloid cascade hypothesis as a dominant theory. This resources details the challenges and failures of early anti-amyloid drug trials, which ultimately broadened scientific understanding beyond a single-target approach. Crucially, the resource highlights recent breakthroughs in disease-modifying therapies like lecanemab and donanemab, alongside a revolution in diagnostics through advanced imaging and blood tests. Finally, it explores the future of AD research, focusing on prevention, combination therapies, and precision medicine, acknowledging the disease's multifaceted nature.