Learn new English vocabulary while listening to this short history story about the California gold rush. The story is at the first half of the audio, the vocabulary is at the second half.

Vocabulary:

• Transformative: An adjective that means causing a change in form or character.

• Arduous: an adjective that means difficult and requiring a lot of effort

• Treacherous: An adjective that means  dangerous and uncertain.

• Frenzy: A noun that means a state of intense excitement or activity

• Boomtown: A noun that means a town that grows rapidly because people are moving there.

• Makeshift: An adjective that means temporary or improvised

• Entrepreneurship: A noun that means the activity of setting up and running a business.

• Inflation: A noun that means a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services.

• Vigilante: A noun that means a person who takes the law into their own hands.

• Relocate: A verb that means to move people or things from one place to another. Place. Please do not use relocate as a noun - it is not a noun. There is no noun form of this verb in English.

• Forcibly: An adverb that means using force or violence.

• Vigilante justice: A noun that means the practice of enforcing the law without courts or police.