In this episode of Everything Explained, we break down sanctions in plain language—what they are, why governments use them, and how they actually work in the real world. From broad trade bans to targeted asset freezes, we explore the different tools policymakers use to apply pressure without military force. The episode explains primary and secondary sanctions, how enforcement works through banks and regulators, and why even companies far from the conflict often pull back. Through real-world examples like Iran, Russia, and North Korea, we look at the human impact, the limits of humanitarian exemptions, and why sanctions can last for years. A clear, balanced guide to understanding sanctions as a strategic tool—powerful, imperfect, and most effective when paired with diplomacy.