
In 6th-century BCE China, education was a privilege of the elite. Confucius had other ideas. In this second episode, host Elliott Bernstein digs into passage 15.39—just four characters that upended who got to learn and who got left behind. Why would a renowned teacher accept anyone who could scrape together "a bundle of dried meat"? What made his classroom a mix of beggars, politicians, and students fifty years his junior? And how did he become the patron saint of education without even writing his own book? Along the way: the 有/无 pairing that Chinese learners encounter early but rarely see explained, the surprising connection between "teaching" and "filial piety" hidden inside a single character, and why 教 changes tone depending on how you use it.