Who gets counted in America—citizens, voters, or simply everyone who lives here? And how does that decision shape political power? In this episode of Global Risk Profile, we look beneath today’s debates on immigration, birthright citizenship, and redistricting to uncover the structural forces driving them. The story is not about conspiracy or partisan purity. It’s about a constitutional system that allocates representation by counting persons, and a political landscape where both parties operate within the incentives that design creates. We start with recent events in Texas, Indiana, and New York—states redrawing congressional maps mid-decade—before tracing the long history of gerrymandering in both the U.S. and the U.K. We then examine the Constitution and the 14th Amendment, the Supreme Court decisions that reshaped modern redistricting (Rucho, Purcell, and the Texas stay), and how each party has used the tools available to it over different decades. Finally, we explore how three decades of rising unauthorized immigration, settlement patterns, and birthright citizenship interact with representation. These policies involve legal, moral, and practical questions—but they also have structural political consequences. That dual reality is why the debates have become so sharp: each side can genuinely claim principled motives while also recognizing that the outcomes affect long-term political power. This episode is not about choosing sides. It is about seeing the two layers at once—the philosophical and the structural—so we can understand the system clearly and make informed judgments. Chapters 00:00 — The Map Never Sleeps 02:28 — Redistricting’s Real History (U.S. & U.K.) 06:18 — What the Constitution Says (and Doesn’t) 07:24 — The Supreme Court Changes the Rules 09:25 — How Each Party Used These Tools 12:29 — Immigration, Presence, and Representation 14:27 — Birthright Citizenship and Settlement Incentives 16:02 — Two Layers of Every Modern Debate