An excerpt from Yuval Noah Harari's Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, specifically focuses on the cognitive revolution, agricultural revolution, the rise of empires, and the scientific revolution. It explores the development of human cooperation, the impact of agriculture and the resulting societal structures, the role of imagined realities in shaping human societies, and the intertwining of science and empire. The excerpt also examines the evolution of money and credit systems, and concludes by considering the future of humankind in light of advancements in biotechnology and artificial intelligence. Numerous historical examples and case studies are used to support Harari's analysis.