In this episode of our podcast, we explore "The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter," Japan's oldest surviving work of prose fiction. The podcast will begin by retelling the core narrative of Kaguya-hime, a mysterious princess discovered inside a glowing bamboo stalk who is revealed to be from the Moon. We will follow her story as she rejects five noble suitors with a series of impossible tasks and forms a unique, respectful bond with the Emperor of Japan. This episode will also delve into the rich historical context of the Heian period, a golden age of Japanese aristocratic culture, to understand the world in which the tale was created. We will analyze the story's deep thematic layers, such as the Buddhist concept of impermanence (mono no aware) and its sharp critique of materialism. The discussion will also cover the symbolism of key elements like the Moon, bamboo, and the feather robe that erases Kaguya's earthly memories. Finally, the podcast will trace the tale's enduring legacy, from its place in modern education to its many adaptations in pop culture, including the celebrated Studio Ghibli film. A central focus of our analysis will be the story's powerful conclusion, where the heartbroken Emperor chooses to burn an elixir of immortality on Mount Fuji, providing a mythical origin for Japan's most sacred landmark.