This episode examines a fundamental tension in political philosophy: should we focus on leveling the playing field or on where people actually end up? Advocates of equal opportunity argue it preserves freedom and rewards merit while respecting individual choices. Critics contend that without addressing outcomes, opportunity remains illusory for those born into disadvantage. Dhruva and Utkarsh consider whether genuine equal opportunity is even possible when starting points differ so dramatically.

We also explore what the evidence on social mobility reveals about our current systems.

Tune in to join this wide-ranging conversation about fairness, freedom, and the practical implications of each approach for how we structure society.