Dr. Keith Godfrey talks about how maternal nutrition and prenatal factors shape fetal growth and influence long-term offspring health, including cardiovascular, neurobehavioral, and metabolic outcomes. Maternal constraints like body composition, metabolism, and diet quality influence fetal development. The episode emphasizes intervention strategies to improve maternal health before and during pregnancy, reducing chronic disease risks in offspring. It also highlights the critical impact of micronutrient deficiencies during pregnancy on fetal development and later health, independent of birth weight, and calls for targeted policies to enhance preconception and antenatal health.