The provided sources examine the VATER/VACTERL association, a complex cluster of congenital anomalies including vertebral, anal, cardiac, tracheoesophageal, renal, and limb defects. Diagnosis typically requires the presence of at least three of these features while excluding overlapping conditions like CHARGE syndrome or Fanconi anaemia. Researchers explore a multifactorial etiology, highlighting genetic mutations in genes such as HSPA6 and TRAP1, as well as environmental triggers like maternal diabetes or pollutant exposure. Surgical intervention is vital for managing life-threatening malformations, with modern techniques like thoracoscopy offering improved outcomes for infants. Long-term studies indicate that while many survivors achieve independence, they face ongoing risks of cancer, incontinence, and respiratory complications into adulthood. Comprehensive care involves a multidisciplinary medical home model to support developmental screening and the transition to adult healthcare.