Emmanuel Levinas fundamentally shifted philosophy by placing ethics and responsibility for the Other, or alterity, above traditional ontology and Western totalization. Deeply impacted by the Nazi horror, his work defines true subjectivity as being-for-the-Other, requiring asymmetrical and infinite moral commitment exemplified by the face-to-face encounter. This profound ethical framework critiques egoism and narcissism, offering a necessary paradigm for psychoanalysis rooted in ultimate goodness and kindness.