The 1937 riots in Barbados were a pivotal moment in the island's history, emerging from decades of deep-seated social, economic, and political oppression under colonial rule. Triggered by the unjust deportation of labor leader Clement Payne, the four days of unrest in late July 1937 exposed the extreme poverty, racial inequality, and lack of political voice endured by the Black working class. The violent crackdown by colonial authorities resulted in casualties and arrests, but also forced a reluctant British government to investigate conditions in the West Indies. This led to key reforms, including the legalization of trade unions and expanded political representation, ultimately setting Barbados on the path to self-government and independence. The legacy of 1937 endures as a symbol of the struggle for justice and a catalyst for modern Barbadian nationhood.