This episode explores the ways in which seizures can be pathophysiologically, clinically and electrographically defined, and considers the various possible clinical manifestations of seizures, before scrutinising the current 2025 International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification of seizures, encompassing focal, generalised and unknown-onset seizures, followed by a comparison of this current schema with their previous iterations.  The video then takes a deep dive into the distinction between unprovoked seizures vs. provoked/acute symptomatic seizures vs. reflex seizures, and by extension the distinction between precipitating, provoking and triggering factors for a seizure. The episode then concludes with a detailed discussion of the clinical definitions of convulsive (generalised and focal) and non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE).

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