
Prophets often report vivid perceptual experiences — seeing angels, hearing recited verses — but what makes these experiences veridical? Professor Morvarid surveys classical explanations from al-Fārābī, Ibn Sīnā, Suhrawardī, and Mullā Ṣadrā, before offering a new account inspired by philosopher David Chalmers. He argues that prophetic visions can be veridical in their “imperfect content,” even when their sensory details are not literally present in the physical world.