In this episode of The Spoondrift, host Asher Leomunddiscusses the Gulf Stream and how it has been altered by climate change.

Here are citations to the articles that were referenced in theshow:

M. Andres, M.Muglia, H. Seim, J. Bane, and D. Savidge, “Observations of Shelf-Ocean Exchangein the Northern South Atlantic Bight Driven by the Gulf Stream,” Journal ofGeophysical Research: Oceans, vol. 128, no. 7, p. e2022JC019504, 2023, doi:10.1029/2022JC019504.

W. M. Balch etal., “Changing Hydrographic, Biogeochemical, and Acidification Propertiesin the Gulf of Maine as Measured by the Gulf of Maine North Atlantic TimeSeries, GNATS, Between 1998 and 2018,” JGR Biogeosciences, vol. 127, no.6, p. e2022JG006790, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.1029/2022JG006790.

A. Gonçalves Neto,J. A. Langan, and J. B. Palter, “Changes in the Gulf Stream preceded rapidwarming of the Northwest Atlantic Shelf,” Commun Earth Environ, vol. 2,no. 1, p. 74, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.1038/s43247-021-00143-5.

J. Heiderich and R.E. Todd, “Along-Stream Evolution of Gulf Stream Volume Transport,” Journalof Physical Oceanography, vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 2251–2270, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-19-0303.1.

M. O. Baringer andJ. C. Larsen, “Sixteen years of Florida Current Transport at 27° N,” GeophysicalResearch Letters, vol. 28, no. 16, pp. 3179–3182, Aug. 2001, doi: 10.1029/2001GL013246.

T. Kohyama, Y.Yamagami, H. Miura, S. Kido, H. Tatebe, and M. Watanabe, “The Gulf Stream andKuroshio Current are synchronized,” Science, vol. 374, no. 6565, pp.341–346, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.1126/science.abh3295.

C. G. Piecuch and L.M. Beal, “Robust Weakening of the Gulf Stream During the Past Four DecadesObserved in the Florida Straits,” Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 50,no. 18, p. e2023GL105170, Sep. 2023, doi: 10.1029/2023GL105170.

J.-L. Pinault,“Weakening of the Geostrophic Component of the Gulf Stream: A Positive FeedbackLoop on the Melting of the Arctic Ice Sheet,” JMSE, vol. 11, no. 9, p.1689, Aug. 2023, doi: 10.3390/jmse11091689.

D. W. Townsend, N.R. Pettigrew, M. A. Thomas, and S. Moore, “Warming waters of the Gulf of Maine:The role of Shelf, Slope and Gulf Stream Water masses,” Progress inOceanography, vol. 215, p. 103030, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.pocean.2023.103030.

L. D. Talley, G. L.Pickard, W. J. Emery, and J. H. Swift, “Atlantic Ocean,” in DescriptivePhysical Oceanography, Elsevier, 2011, pp. 245–301. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-7506-4552-2.10009-5.

Websites:

https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/long-term-project-reaches-important-milestone/

And Wikipedia is a great place to explore more topics!