The Russian invasion of Finland in November 1939 came as a bloody shock to the people of the small Baltic state, not least the government which appeared to have misread Joseph Stalin’s intentions.
The location for this terrible saga lies at the easternmost end of the Baltic Sea, between the Gulf of Finland and the huge Lake Ladoga, this is the rugged and very narrow Karelian Isthmus.
Flying over this territory in a light plane reveals its stark and stern beauty, cut laterally by crisp blue lakes, blanketed in an evergreen forest, stubby grey and reddy grey hills pop up here and there.
There was virtually nothing of value here at least at first, no minerals, very little agriculture as the soils are poor. That was going to change when the Finns discovered large deposits of nickel in the Petsamo region and would hand over mining concessions to the British.
The Russians did not like that one little bit.
But it wasn’t minerals that led to Moscow invading their much smaller neighbour, it was the fear of the Germans. This little bit of land was going to be fought over as it had been so often through history.
The Karelian Isthmus is a land bridge between the seething eastward mass of mother Russia and Asia, and the immensity of the Scandinavian Peninsular that swells downward to the west. It’s like a highway for tribal migration, a route for trade, a channel for cultural movements, and a gateway for conquest.
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The Russian invasion of Finland in November 1939 came as a bloody shock to the people of the small Baltic state, not least the government which appeared to have misread Joseph Stalin’s intentions.
The location for this terrible saga lies at the easternmost end of the Baltic Sea, between the Gulf of Finland and the huge Lake Ladoga, this is the rugged and very narrow Karelian Isthmus.
Flying over this territory in a light plane reveals its stark and stern beauty, cut laterally by crisp blue lakes, blanketed in an evergreen forest, stubby grey and reddy grey hills pop up here and there.
There was virtually nothing of value here at least at first, no minerals, very little agriculture as the soils are poor. That was going to change when the Finns discovered large deposits of nickel in the Petsamo region and would hand over mining concessions to the British.
The Russians did not like that one little bit.
But it wasn’t minerals that led to Moscow invading their much smaller neighbour, it was the fear of the Germans. This little bit of land was going to be fought over as it had been so often through history.
The Karelian Isthmus is a land bridge between the seething eastward mass of mother Russia and Asia, and the immensity of the Scandinavian Peninsular that swells downward to the west. It’s like a highway for tribal migration, a route for trade, a channel for cultural movements, and a gateway for conquest.
Episode 4 - Kollaa Still Stands and the snorting armoured train Hyöky goes to work
The Winter War
27 minutes 5 seconds
1 year ago
Episode 4 - Kollaa Still Stands and the snorting armoured train Hyöky goes to work
The Russians have invaded on a broad front, stretching from the Karelia Isthmus all the war to the Arctic Sea, ten major incursions in all. When the Soviets attacked on November 30th, they did so without declaring war — they just rolled in.
As you heard last episode, by day two of the Soviet invasion, December 2nd 1939 the Finns were facing the might of the Red Army and the prognosis was not good. But they had a chance to carry out Finnish General Gustaf Mannerheim’s master plan, allowing the Russians to invade, then striking them behind their lines.
There wasn’t much else the Finnish Army could do, it was hopelessly outgunned and outmanned.
However, within 48 hours of the invasion, however, the Russian mechanised columns had bunched up, their lines of supply jammed bumper to bumper. Heavy snowstorms were also lashing the advancing columns adding to the chaos.
The token Finnish resistance also caused some of the Russian commanders pause, stopping when a single sniper opened fire, or a defensive position was spotted in the distance. Mannerheim wanted to throw his covering groups of 21 000 troops along the Isthmus forward of the defensive line, but his chief of staff General Hugo Ostermann thought this was a mistake. They were covering a string of villages here like, Uusikirkko, Kivinapa, Lipola, Kiviniemi and each day the remained behind these fortifications, was a day spent improving the defences, digging deeper, laying mines, blowing up bridges.
The Soviet military leaders believed that a decisive strike across the Karelian Isthmus would be the key to victory. The Soviet Seventh Army was based south of this Isthmus, 120 000 infantry, 1 400 tanks and 1500 artillery pieces, all backed up by over 1000 planes of various sorts.
The Finns along the Isthmus were led by lieutenant General Hugo Osterman who had 26 000 infantry, and 71 artillery pieces. The army was split with Two Army corps led by lieutenant General Harald Ohquist on the west side of the Isthmus and Three Army Corps on the east, led by Major General Erik Heinrichs.
Another division of Finns was behind the covering groups, being held back in reserve near the lakes Suulajarvi and Valkjarvi.
On the eastern side of the Isthmus, III Army Corps was made up of Task Force Rautu and the 11th Division Task Force Lipola — named after the villages there.
A change began to take place in the Finnish consciousness, and this was going to be very bad news for the Russian soldiers. The first few days of fighting had actually given the Finns a good idea about some of the Russians weaknesses — their slow witted officer class, fearful of their political commissars, unimaginative and ponderous.
The Finnish fox was outthinking the Russian bear. Stories began to circulate amongst the troops about how abysmally the Russians were fighting, despite their vast army, and this stiffened resolve. Sometimes morale is more important than ammunition.
The Winter War
The Russian invasion of Finland in November 1939 came as a bloody shock to the people of the small Baltic state, not least the government which appeared to have misread Joseph Stalin’s intentions.
The location for this terrible saga lies at the easternmost end of the Baltic Sea, between the Gulf of Finland and the huge Lake Ladoga, this is the rugged and very narrow Karelian Isthmus.
Flying over this territory in a light plane reveals its stark and stern beauty, cut laterally by crisp blue lakes, blanketed in an evergreen forest, stubby grey and reddy grey hills pop up here and there.
There was virtually nothing of value here at least at first, no minerals, very little agriculture as the soils are poor. That was going to change when the Finns discovered large deposits of nickel in the Petsamo region and would hand over mining concessions to the British.
The Russians did not like that one little bit.
But it wasn’t minerals that led to Moscow invading their much smaller neighbour, it was the fear of the Germans. This little bit of land was going to be fought over as it had been so often through history.
The Karelian Isthmus is a land bridge between the seething eastward mass of mother Russia and Asia, and the immensity of the Scandinavian Peninsular that swells downward to the west. It’s like a highway for tribal migration, a route for trade, a channel for cultural movements, and a gateway for conquest.
