A conversation with Philip Goulder about the recent article ‘Sustained aviremia despite anti-retroviral therapy non-adherence in male children after in utero HIV transmission’. In this episode of To Immunity and Beyond, we discuss a prospective study of 284 children from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, who were treated very early with antiretroviral therapy (ART) after mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Unexpectedly, female fetuses were more susceptible to in utero transmission, but of 5 children identified who maintained undetectable levels of HIV despite unscheduled ART interruption, all were males. Distinct viruses were transmitted to males and females - females but not males being susceptible to type I interferon-resistant, low fitness viruses. These findings indicate the central role that early life innate immune sex differences play in HIV cure/remission in children.
Full article: Bengu, N., Cromhout, G., Adland, E. et al. Sustained aviremia despite anti-retroviral therapy non-adherence in male children after in utero HIV transmission. Nat Med 30, 2796–2804 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-03105-4 Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/
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A conversation with Philip Goulder about the recent article ‘Sustained aviremia despite anti-retroviral therapy non-adherence in male children after in utero HIV transmission’. In this episode of To Immunity and Beyond, we discuss a prospective study of 284 children from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, who were treated very early with antiretroviral therapy (ART) after mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Unexpectedly, female fetuses were more susceptible to in utero transmission, but of 5 children identified who maintained undetectable levels of HIV despite unscheduled ART interruption, all were males. Distinct viruses were transmitted to males and females - females but not males being susceptible to type I interferon-resistant, low fitness viruses. These findings indicate the central role that early life innate immune sex differences play in HIV cure/remission in children.
Full article: Bengu, N., Cromhout, G., Adland, E. et al. Sustained aviremia despite anti-retroviral therapy non-adherence in male children after in utero HIV transmission. Nat Med 30, 2796–2804 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-03105-4 Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/
Self-interactive learning: Fusion and evolution of multi-scale histomorphology features for molecular traits prediction in computational pathology
To Immunity and Beyond
24 minutes
7 months ago
Self-interactive learning: Fusion and evolution of multi-scale histomorphology features for molecular traits prediction in computational pathology
A conversation with Yang Hu about his recent article: Self-interactive learning: Fusion and evolution of multi-scale histomorphology features for molecular traits prediction in computational pathology. This episode discusses Yang Hu et al, ‘Self-interactive learning: Fusion and evolution of multi-scale histomorphology features for molecular traits prediction in computational pathology’, Medical Image Analysis, 101 (2025) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2024.103437
The relevant study was supported by the PathLAKE Centre of Excellence for digital pathology and artificial intelligence which is funded by the Data to Early Diagnosis and Precision Medicine strand of the HM Government’s Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund, managed and delivered by Innovate UK on behalf of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) (Grant ref: 104689/application number 18181), as well as NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre. Views expressed are not necessarily those of the PathLAKE Consortium members, the NHS, the UKRI, the NIHR, Innovate UK or the Department of Health.
The speaker would also like to thank the support from the Quantitative Bio-Image Group, led by Professor Jens Rittscher. Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/
To Immunity and Beyond
A conversation with Philip Goulder about the recent article ‘Sustained aviremia despite anti-retroviral therapy non-adherence in male children after in utero HIV transmission’. In this episode of To Immunity and Beyond, we discuss a prospective study of 284 children from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, who were treated very early with antiretroviral therapy (ART) after mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Unexpectedly, female fetuses were more susceptible to in utero transmission, but of 5 children identified who maintained undetectable levels of HIV despite unscheduled ART interruption, all were males. Distinct viruses were transmitted to males and females - females but not males being susceptible to type I interferon-resistant, low fitness viruses. These findings indicate the central role that early life innate immune sex differences play in HIV cure/remission in children.
Full article: Bengu, N., Cromhout, G., Adland, E. et al. Sustained aviremia despite anti-retroviral therapy non-adherence in male children after in utero HIV transmission. Nat Med 30, 2796–2804 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-03105-4 Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/
