This research article from Nature Medicine examines the lung microbiome and its connection to mortality in pediatric patients post-hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). The study identified four distinct lung microenvironment clusters based on microbiome composition and gene expression, revealing that depletion of beneficial bacteria coupled with viral or fungal enrichment strongly predicted in-hospital death. Antibiotic use significantly contributed to this dysbiosis. The findings were validated in an independent cohort, suggesting potential for improved diagnostics and treatments targeting specific lung microenvironment profiles. The researchers propose that precision pulmonary phenotyping could improve HCT outcomes.

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PMID: 38783139
Zinter MS, Dvorak CC, Mayday MY, et al. Pathobiological signatures of dysbiotic lung injury in pediatric patients undergoing stem cell transplantation. Nat Med 2024;30(7):1982–93.