The episode offers an overview of graphs as a data structure in computer science, distinct from mathematical graphs. It defines key terminology such as vertex/node, edge/arc, weighted graph, undirected graph, and directed graph. The material also explains two primary methods for representing graphs: adjacency matrices and adjacency lists, comparing their advantages and disadvantages regarding memory efficiency and ease of use. Finally, the episode highlights various real-world applications of graphs, including computer networks, social networks, and navigation systems, even mentioning Google's PageRank algorithm as an example.