EP06: „我妈说，抑郁症不存在” - 为什么有些人会否定心理疾病以及如何“怼”回去？ “抑郁症不存在，你就是想逃避现实，“这都是你想太多”， “快点振作起来，连这点困难都克服不了，你对得起革命先烈吗”...... 可能很多正在或者曾经经历心理困扰的人，都曾从身边亲友口中听到过这些话。他们真的是这么想的吗？为什么会有如此想法呢？他们这样说的时候，我是应该立刻放弃和他们沟通还是应该和他们辩论呢？在这一期，我们就来聊聊，这些信念的形成以及怎么有效地“怼”他们。 主播： 一洲 时间线： 00:50 自己和朋友的经历 07:00 是“信念”还是恐惧？ 08:58 “心理疾病不存在”，他究竟想表达什么意思？ 12:30 什么是信念？ 13:30 如何在记忆中检索信息？ 20:15 非理性的人：认知偏见（bias） 与启发式（heuristics） 23:15 维持自尊作为推理的动机 25:40 我们只看得见自己想看见的 26:15 聪明的“我们”与愚蠢的“他们” 27:00 如果任凭事情这样发展下去...... 29:48 什么时候人们会重新审视自己的观点？ 31:00 “质疑人性”，“接受人性”，“利用人性” 33:10 当牛虻很危险：可别触发了对方的心理防御系统 35:05 如何委婉而有效地改变别人的观点 37:38 如果有一件事是最重要的：让对方感到被尊重 38:15 快点！给我来一条“认知着陆垫” 41:06 改变偏见不容易，但请不要放弃希望 参考文献： Atkinson, R. C., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1968). Human memory: A proposed system and its control processes. Cinelli, M., De Francisci Morales, G., Galeazzi, A., Quattrociocchi, W., & Starnini, M. (2021). The echo chamber effect on social media. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(9), e2023301118. Collins, A. M., & Loftus, E. F. (1975). A spreading-activation theory of semantic processing. Psychological review, 82(6), 407. Deutsch, M., & Gerard, H. B. (1955). A study of normative and informational social influences upon individual judgment. The journal of abnormal and social psychology, 51(3), 629. Eagly, A., & Chaiken, S. (1998). Attitude structure. Handbook of social psychology, 1, 269-322. Grzesiak-Feldman, M. (2013). The effect of high-anxiety situations on conspiracy thinking. Current Psychology, 32(1), 100-118. doi: 10.1007/s12144-013-91656 Higgins, E. T. (1996). Knowledge activation: Accessibility, applicability, and salience. In E. T. Higgins & A. W. Kruglanski (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (p. 133–168). The Guilford Press. Lewandowsky, S., Cook, J., Ecker, U., Albarracín, D., Kendeou, P., Newman, E. J., ... & Zaragoza, M. S. (2020). The debunking handbook 2020. Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven. Psychological Review. 63 (2), 81–97. Moscovici, S., & Zavalloni, M. (1969). The group as a polarizer of attitudes. Journal of personality and social psychology, 12(2), 125. Prislin, R., & Wood, W. (2005). Social Influence in Attitudes and Attitude Change. Schwitzgebel, E. (2019). Belief. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/belief/ Shrum, L. J., Wyer Jr, R. S., & O'Guinn, T. C. (1998). The effects of television consumption on social perceptions: The use of priming procedures to investigate psychological processes. Journal of Consumer Research, 24(4), 447-458. Srull, T. K., & Wyer, R. S. (1980). Category accessibility and social perception: Some implications for the study of person memory and interpersonal judgments. Journal of personality and social psychology, 38(6), 841. Taber, C. S., & Lodge, M. (2006). Motivated skepticism in the evaluation of political beliefs. American journal of political science, 50(3), 755-769. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (2004). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In Political psychology (pp. 276-293). Psychology Press. Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1973). Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability. Cognitive psychology, 5(2), 207-232. Winke, M., Bless, H., & Biller, B. (1996). Subjective experience versus content of information in the construction of attitude judgments. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(11), 1105-1113.