Christian and Mike talk about making your brain plastic and have a look at Christians upcoming paper on adjustive forces...and a camera breaks down...alot

Christian and Mike talk about sensory motor systems and how children build their body maps through correct movement

Christian and Mike look at childhood development, symmetry and timing of physiological and anatomical changes in children.

Christian and Mike unpack the effects of asymmetrical developmental issues and Torticollis in particular

Christian and Mike discuss poop in kids. What is normal, what to expect and how to manage it.

The guys are back and Christian has an interesting case to share...

An episode where Christian "Danger" Fludder and Mike delve into posture...Chat GPT prompts and second hand car dealerships

What are your most valuable tools in paediatric practice. Christian and Mike talk through their top tools.

Christian and Mike chat about the gut. Why its so important in child (and adult) health and what to be on the lookout for.

Christian and Mike dive into the Vagus system, polyvagal theory and how its all like driving bumper cars!

Christian and Mike look at what makes neonates unique, the research surrounding neonatal development and what changes occur in neonates that may have long lasting effects .

Christian and Mike discuss the nuances of birth trauma. 

(I'll get the reference list up here shortly!!)

Christian and Mike dive into the neurology and developmental side of Infants on this episode. They discuss Primitive Reflexes, what they are, why they are needed and what happens when they disappear.

REFERENCES:
I'll get to this eventually Mike! I promise!

Come join Christian and Mike as they discuss how birth, feeding and environmental factors affect the gut, brain and neurodevelopment through the lens of the microbiome.

Pika pika. 

References for those playing at home:

1. Kerns CM, Winder-Patel B, Iosif AM, et al. Clinically Significant Anxiety in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Varied Intellectual Functioning. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2021;50(6):780-795.
2. Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Published online May 22, 2013.
3. Restrepo B, Angkustsiri K, Taylor SL, et al. Developmental–behavioral profiles in children with autism spectrum disorder and co-occurring gastrointestinal symptoms. Autism Research. 2020;13(10):1778-1789.
4. Wexler HM. Bacteroides: the Good, the Bad, and the Nitty-Gritty. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 2007;20(4):593.
5. Ho LKH, Tong VJW, Syn N, et al. Gut microbiota changes in children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Gut Pathogens. 2020;12(1):1-18.
6. Vaiserman A, Romanenko M, Piven L, et al. Differences in the gut Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio across age groups in healthy Ukrainian population. BMC Microbiology. 2020;20(1):1-8.
7. Stojanov S, Berlec A, Štrukelj B. The Influence of Probiotics on the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio in the Treatment of Obesity and Inflammatory Bowel disease. Microorganisms 2020, Vol 8, Page 1715. 2020;8(11):1715.
8. Rizzardi KF, Indiani CM dos SP, Mattos-Graner R de O, de Sousa ET, Nobre-dos-Santos M, Parisotto TM. Firmicutes Levels in the Mouth Reflect the Gut Condition With Respect to Obesity and Early Childhood Caries. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 2021;11:472.
9. Magne F, Gotteland M, Gauthier L, et al. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio: A Relevant Marker of Gut Dysbiosis in Obese Patients? Nutrients. 2020;12(5).
10. Korpela K. Impact of Delivery Mode on Infant Gut Microbiota. Ann Nutr Metab. 2021;77:11-19.
11. Niu J, Xu L, Qian Y, et al. Evolution of the Gut Microbiome in Early Childhood: A Cross-Sectional Study of Chinese Children. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2020;11:439.
12. Lin CW, Septyaningtrias DE, Chao HW, et al. A common epigenetic mechanism across different cellular origins underlies systemic immune dysregulation in an idiopathic autism mouse model. Molecular Psychiatry 2022. Published online May 2, 2022:1-12.
13. Liu F, Li J, Wu F, Zheng H, Peng Q, Zhou H. Altered composition and function of intestinal microbiota in autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review. Translational Psychiatry 2019 9:1. 2019;9(1):1-13.
14. de Angelis M, Francavilla R, Piccolo M, de Giacomo A, Gobbetti M. Autism spectrum disorders and intestinal microbiota. https://doi.org/101080/1949097620151035855. 2015;6(3):207-213.
15. Wang M, Li M, Wu S, et al. Fecal Microbiota Composition of Breast-fed Infants is Correlated with Human Milk Oligosaccharides Consumed. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2015;60(6):825.
16. Martin R, Makino H, Yavuz AC, et al. Early-Life Events, Including Mode of Delivery and Type of Feeding, Siblings and Gender, Shape the Developing Gut Microbiota. PLoS One. 2016;11(6).
17. Rutayisire E, Huang K, Liu Y, Tao F. The mode of delivery affects the diversity and colonization pattern of the gut microbiota during the first year of infants’ life: A systematic review. BMC Gastroenterology. 2016;16(1).

What goes into creating a treatment plan for your paediatric patients? Christian and Mike explore factors to consider when creating a management schedule while discussing certain cases, presentations and what the research suggests regarding this challenging topic. 

REFERENCES

I'll paste them in here shortly! There were a few though!

Christian and Mike look at brand new research around unsettled infants, the link to sleep/long term effects, and dive right in to that contentious topic of the moment - the CDC Milestone changes!

ARTICLES WE DISCUSS:

Hua, J., Williams, G. J., Jin, H., Chen, J., Xu, M., Zhou, Y., Gu, G., & Du, W. (2022). Early Motor Milestones in Infancy and Later Motor Impairments: A Population-Based Data Linkage Study. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.809181

Valla, L., Småstuen, M. C., Andenæs, R., Misvær, N., Olbjørn, C., & Helseth, S. (2021). Association between colic and sleep problems in infancy and subsequent development, emotional and behavioral problems: a longitudinal study. BMC Pediatrics, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-020-02483-1

Zubler, J. M., Wiggins, L. D., Macias, M. M., Whitaker, T. M., Shaw, J. S., Squires, J. K., Pajek, J. A., Wolf, R. B., Slaughter, K. S., Broughton, A. S., Gerndt, K. L., Mlodoch, B. J., & Lipkin, P. H. (2022). Evidence-Informed Milestones for Developmental Surveillance Tools. Pediatrics, 149(3). https://doi.org/10.1542/PEDS.2021-052138

CDC Milestones: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/index.html

Mike's Amazing Discussion about the CDC document: https://www.facebook.com/664151845/videos/1013912539234567/

Join Christian and Mike as we chat about the causes, impacts and possible treatments regarding Tongue Tie in infants! 

Felicity Crone's Tongue Tie course (Time Limited special offer) + 10% off if you use the code 2PAEDCHIROS at checkout

https://felicity-crone.mykajabi.com/pl/2147530164

Richard Baxters book - Tongue-Tied

https://www.amazon.com/Tongue-Tied-String-Impacts-Nursing-Feeding-ebook/dp/B07FC4HZXX/ref=sr_1_1?crid=241MWY6NTG8I0&keywords=richard+baxter+tongue+tie&qid=1642633095&sprefix=richard+baxter+tongu%2Caps%2C229&sr=8-1

ADDITIONAL REFERENCES:

Amitai, Y., Shental, H., Atkins-Manelis, L., Koren, G., & Zamir, C. S. (2020). Pre-conceptional folic acid supplementation: A possible cause for the increasing rates of ankyloglossia. Medical Hypotheses, 134.

Baxter, R., & Hughes, L. (2018). Speech and Feeding Improvements in Children After Posterior Tongue-Tie Release: A Case Series. International Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 7(3), 29–35.

Baxter, R., Merkel-Walsh, R., Baxter, B. S., Lashley, A., & Rendell, N. R. (2020). Functional Improvements of Speech, Feeding, and Sleep After Lingual Frenectomy Tongue-Tie Release: A Prospective Cohort Study. Clinical Pediatrics, 59(9–10), 885–892.

Ghaheri, B. A., Cole, M., Fausel, S. C., Chuop, M., & Mace, J. C. (2017). Breastfeeding improvement following tongue-tie and lip-tie release: A prospective cohort study. The Laryngoscope, 127(5), 1217–1223.

Golja, M. V., Šmid, A., Kuželički, N. K., Trontelj, J., Geršak, K., & Mlinarič-Raščan, I. (2020). Folate Insufficiency Due to MTHFR Deficiency Is Bypassed by 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(9), 1–18.

Griffiths, D. M. (2004). Do tongue ties affect breastfeeding? Journal of Human Lactation, 20(4), 409–414.

Ingram, J., Copeland, M., Johnson, D., & Emond, A. (2019). The development and evaluation of a picture tongue assessment tool for tongue-tie in breastfed babies (TABBY). International Breastfeeding Journal, 14(1), 1–5.

Ingram, J., Johnson, D., Copeland, M., Churchill, C., Taylor, H., & Emond, A. (2015). The development of a tongue assessment tool to assist with tongue-tie identification. Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 100(4), F344–F349.

Mills, N., Pransky, S. M., Geddes, D. T., & Mirjalili, S. A. (2019). What is a tongue tie? Defining the anatomy of the in-situ lingual frenulum. Clinical Anatomy, 32(6), 749–761.

O’Shea, J. E., Foster, J. P., O’Donnell, C. P. F., Breathnach, D., Jacobs, S. E., Todd, D. A., & Davis, P. G. (2017). Frenotomy for tongue-tie in newborn infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2017(3).

Salt, H., Claessen, M., Johnston, T., & Smart, S. (2020). Speech production in young children with tongue-tie. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 134, 110035.

Schlatter, S. M., Schupp, W., Otten, J. E., Harnisch, S., Kunze, M., Stavropoulou, D., & Hentschel, R. (2019). The role of tongue-tie in breastfeeding problems—A prospective observational study. Acta Paediatrica, 108(12), 2214–2221.

Webb, A. N., Hao, W., & Hong, P. (2013). The effect of tongue-tie division on breastfeeding and speech articulation: A systematic review. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 77(5), 635–646.

Christian and Mike dive into the world of research. Why do Case Studies matter? Are RCT's the best thing since sliced bread? Does coffee work with almond milk and honey? 

Join us as we navigate our way through using research in practice, understanding evidence informed care and the world of Chiropractic Paediatric Research!

Christian and Mike discuss the importance of spinal curvature and their development in kids. They discuss good posture, bad posture and the potential causes of both. Backpacks can be a source of contention and our 2 Paed Chiros break down the evidence around school bags and their usage. 

We cover a bunch of topics in this episode, and there are more references than we have space for in this description! If you want any of the references we discuss, please email us at 2paedchiros@gmail.com

Christian and Mike take an evidence based look at colic. Definitions, possible causes, treatment options and what evidence is still required. 

REFERENCES:

1.6.1.2 Abdominal migraine - ICHD-3. (n.d.). Retrieved March 22, 2021, from https://ichd-3.org/1-migraine/1-6-episodic-syndromes-that-may-be-associated-with-migraine/1-6-1-recurrent-gastrointestinal-disturbance/1-6-1-2-abdominal-migraine/

Adam-Darque, A., Freitas, L., Grouiller, F., Sauser, J., Lazeyras, F., Van De Ville, D., … Leuchter, R. H. V. (2020). Shedding light on excessive crying in babies. Pediatric Research, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-020-1048-6

Carnes, D., Plunkett, A., Ellwood, J., & Miles, C. (2018, January 1). Manual therapy for unsettled, distressed and excessively crying infants: A systematic review and meta-analyses. BMJ Open, Vol. 8, p. e019040. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019040

Ellwood, J., Draper-Rodi, J., & Carnes, D. (2020). Comparison of common interventions for the treatment of infantile colic: A systematic review of reviews and guidelines. BMJ Open, 10(2), e035405. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035405

Gelfand, A. A. (2016). Infant Colic. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology, 23(1), 79–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spen.2015.08.003

Gelfand, A. A. (2018). Episodic syndromes of childhood associated with migraine. Current Opinion in Neurology, 31(3), 281–285. https://doi.org/10.1097/WCO.0000000000000558

Goksan, S., Hartley, C., Emery, F., Cockrill, N., Poorun, R., Moultrie, F., … Slater, R. (2015). fMRI reveals neural activity overlap between adult and infant pain. ELife, 4. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06356

Holm, L. V., Jarbøl, D. E., Christensen, H. W., Søndergaard, J., & Hestbaek, L. (2021). The effect of chiropractic care on infantile colic: results from a single-blind randomised controlled trial. Chiropractic & Manual Therapies, 29(15), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12998-021-00371-8

Keil, B., & Fludder, C. (2021). Letter to the Editor: “The effect of chiropractic care on infantile colic: results from a single-blind randomised controlled trial” and “Identifying potential treatment effect modifiers of the effectiveness of chiropractic care to infants with colic through prespecified secondary analyses of a randomised controlled trial.” Chiropractic & Manual Therapies 2021 29:1, 29(1), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12998-021-00386-1

Perry, R., Leach, V., Penfold, C., & Davies, P. (2019). An overview of systematic reviews of complementary and alternative therapies for infantile colic. Systematic Reviews, 8(1), 271. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-019-1191-5

Prevost, C. P., Gleberzon, B., Carleo, B., Anderson, K., Cark, M., & Pohlman, K. A. (2019). Manual therapy for the pediatric population: A systematic review. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-019-2447-2

Yu, H., Shearer, H., Taylor-Vaisey, A., Mior, S., Verville, L., Connell, G., & Côté, P. (2021). Methodological flaws on “manual therapy for the pediatric population: a systematic review” by Prevost et al. (2019). BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/S12906-020-03145-6

Zeevenhooven, J., Koppen, I. J. N., & Benninga, M. A. (2017, March 1). The new Rome IV criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants and toddlers. Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vol. 20, pp. 1–13. https://doi.org/10.5223/pghn.2017.20.1.1