This week, in Episode 272, Liz Picarazzi and Jaci Russo compare notes with Ted Wolf on their very different journeys to integrate generative AI into their businesses. For Liz, it’s been frustrating. She resisted AI at first—but while she’s ready to go now, her COO, who also happens to be her husband, still isn’t there. That’s one reason Liz says she feels as though she’s been spinning her wheels. Jaci’s path couldn’t have been more different. She jumped in more than two years ago, took every course she could find, and now has custom GPTs talking to custom GPTs talking to custom GPTs. The AI tool she built delivers 10 fresh, fully vetted prospects to her inbox every morning. “It will find the person in charge of marketing,” she says. “It will find their LinkedIn profile. It will find the company website. It will find their competitors.” And it has already produced two new clients. Plus: As this especially challenging year winds down, Liz, Jaci, and Ted reflect on where their businesses hit expectations and where they fell short. Jaci notes a sales hire that failed. “I would have liked to have not spent the money on that person and had this epiphany without the pain,” she says, “but I think those two things just go hand in hand.” Liz cites her $400,000 tariff bill: “It really hurts, and it makes me angry,” she tells us. “But in terms of revenue, we’re doing well, I gotta admit. Thank God for New York City rats and trash.”

That’s the conclusion of Ilana Preuss, who is founder and CEO of Recast City and who believes that the way to bring back America’s Main Streets, downtowns, and local economies is through small-scale manufacturing. While traditional economic development focuses on what Preuss calls big-game hunting--recruiting big, established companies--she favors looking for ways to support even the smallest of businesses. How can a community do that? Step one, she says, is to find local manufacturers, talk to them, and find out what they need. Go figure!

This week, in Episode 271, we welcome another new voice to the podcast: Channon Kennedy, who takes us inside the side hustle that’s become her second full-time job. Channon is the inventor and patent holder of the Morgan Square, a clever measuring tool—here’s a demonstration—that’s racking up awards, expanding its distribution, and carving out space for a woman founder in a traditionally male-dominated industry. This is a true bootstrap story. Channon’s numbers are modest enough that she still does most of her own fulfillment at night after her day job as a banker—and she loves it. “Every time I get an order,” she says, “I feel like I'm wrapping a Christmas present. I'm just so excited that somebody wants something that I've created.” Plus: Paul Downs checks in with an update. After posting his best year ever in 2024, he was blindsided when sales suddenly stalled earlier this year, forcing him to lay off a third of his employees. Sales have since rebounded, but now he’s staring at a backlog and a different dilemma: Does he hire aggressively to meet the higher demand—or play it safe until he sees how 2026 begins?

Yes, says Gene Marks, it’s easy to make fun of all of the ways in which AI chatbots can fail (don’t even think about asking them to create an image of a Yorkshire Terrier hitting a homerun), but that’s no excuse to sit on the sidelines. Get the paid version. Get some training. Get your employees some training. And get to work. On what? Gene gives some examples of his favorite use cases.

This week, in Episode 270, we dig into employee ownership with two people who’ve lived it: Kris Maynard and Justin Jordan of Cathedral Holdings, a 100-percent employee-owned ESOP since 2011. Kris and Justin are enthusiastic proponents of ESOPs, but they’re also candid about what can go wrong. Yes, ESOPs come with big tax advantages. But the transaction can be complex. The debt can fundamentally change the risk profile of a business. And perhaps the most under-discussed challenge of all: not all employees embrace employee ownership. Some see it as little more than a glorified retirement plan. And here’s the thing: an ESOP can be a far riskier retirement plan than many understand. They differ from 401(k)s in that there's no regulation requiring an ESOP to sequester its employees’ retirement funds. If the company fails—and like all businesses, ESOPs do fail—those nest eggs can vanish. Kris and Justin explain how they’ve addressed these issues and what they might do differently if they were starting over. They also emphasize an important point: Not all ESOPs are created equal. “If you’ve seen one ESOP,” Justin likes to say, “you’ve seen one ESOP.”

This week, Julian Scadden explains how the organization he runs, Nexstar Network, helps the owners of plumbing, HVAC, and electrical firms become better business owners. Along the way, he discusses the challenges home-service businesses are confronting, why Nexstar is member-owned (and what that means), and an intriguing decision he made recently to part ways with the 30 percent of his members who are private-equity backed. Those members represented half the organization’s revenue at the time of the decision. I also ask Julian which is the better path: learning a trade and building a business or buying a business and figuring out the trade.

This week, in Episode 269, we welcome Ted Wolf, co-founder of Guidewise, as the newest regular member of the 21 Hats Podcast crew—and Ted arrives with a pretty good story. Back when he was building his IT staffing business with his brother, a senior employee walked out. But he didn’t walk out alone—he took key employees, key accounts, and 40 percent of the company’s revenue. At the time, Ted thought it was the worst day of his business life. Turns out, he says, it was his best. Because that disaster forced him to rethink everything—how decisions get made, how profits get shared, how responsibility gets distributed. And that shift led not only to healthy growth but eventually to the kind of exit business owners dream about. That experience continues to inform the work Ted does today, helping companies integrate AI into their operations. The hard part, he tells Jennifer Kerhin, isn’t the technology—it’s the people. It’s managing the change, the fear, the implications. The technology matters, too. Ted and Jennifer also discuss whether small businesses should try to retrofit AI into their current tech stacks—or whether the smarter move, painful as it may be, is to start fresh.

Josh Patrick’s first act was building and eventually selling a successful vending-machine business. His second act was building a thriving consulting practice in which he helped other business owners learn the lessons he’d learned the hard way. In our latest Dashboard episode, Josh, a cancer survivor whose cancer has returned, is exploring two experiences—retirement and death—that he believes most owners are ill-prepared to confront. He’s planning to address that in his writing. As for himself, Josh tells us that he’s not afraid of death, but he is afraid of retirement.

This week, in episode 268, Jay Goltz, Lena McGuire, and Liz Picarazzi discuss a common concern: When does it make sense to buy a building for your business? Under the right circumstances—say, with an SBA loan, a good location, and a little luck—the real estate could end up being worth more than the business itself. But what if the business is just getting started? Or what if the owner is nearing retirement age and may not be around to reap decades of appreciation? Is buying the business still a good idea? Meanwhile, Liz and Lena also compare notes on their ever-evolving tariff challenges. One thing Lena has observed is that some owners in her industry have just had it. They don’t want to deal with the uncertainty, and they’re just packing it in: “We're going to see who survives all this,” she says, “and I want to be a survivor.” Plus: Liz has her first “aha” moment with an AI tool her team built, one that’s already helping convert sales.

This week, Greg Shugar, owner of Beau Ties, a men’s accessories business, explains how the tariffs have the potential to destroy the very businesses they are supposed to protect. As Shugar points out, President Trump has said all along that if you make it here, you won’t have to pay the tariffs. Well, Beau Ties makes it here -- but it has to import fabric from overseas because the silk fabric it needs is simply not produced here. And those imports are being taxed at a very high rate. At the moment, Shugar is waiting to hear whether Trump will indeed, as he has threatened, slap an additional 100-percent tariff on imports from China, which Shugar says could force him to shut down. The threat alone means that he can’t make plans two weeks out -- let alone start thinking about next year.

This week, in episode 267, David C. Barnett, Kate Morgan, and Sarah Segal tackle a challenge every owner who sells services eventually faces: Clients want to hire you, but you want them to understand they’ll mostly be working with your team. How do you make that clear without scaring them off? For some, it’s a delicate balancing act. For Kate, it’s simple: if a client insists on her personal time, she charges, in her words, “a boatload of cash.” Plus: we dive into another tricky owner decision: how to structure bonus plans that truly drive retention. David is weighing a deferred bonus approach, where payouts happen over several years. It’s a proven way to keep people around, but he wonders: Do you really want employees who’d otherwise leave to stay just for the money? Also, when valued employees get an offer, do you counter-offer? And if they leave, do you tell them they can always come back?

This week, in episode 266, David C. Barnett, Jay Goltz, and Kate Morgan wrestle with one of the trickiest challenges for business owners: how to give employees room to grow without losing sight of the company’s mission. David points out that every business is on its way to obsolescence unless it deliberately evolves—and one way to do that, he says, is by letting employees experiment and try new things. That approach, Jay says, is exactly what led to his building a furniture business. Plus: Kate and Jay agree that while many aspects of running a business can be stressful, nothing has been more stressful for them than the period when their businesses were growing the fastest. And the owners react to a Reddit post from someone who has found that hiring employees has created more problems than it has solved. “Is this just what having employees is like?” the owner writes. “Please tell me I'm not the only one losing my mind.”

This week, Ted Wolf, who co-founded Guidewise, which helps businesses manage change, offers a slew of valuable AI suggestions for business owners, regardless of how big or small their businesses are and regardless of whether they’re just getting started or they’ve already taken the leap. Those suggestions range from how much to pay for an AI tool to how to protect your data to how to ease employee resistance to how to figure out where to begin. Here’s one step you can take right now: Ted explains how to use ChatGPT to do an instant SWOT analysis comparing your business’s performance with your competitor’s.

This week, in episode 264, David C. Barnett and Jennifer Kerhin say they’re already making plans for next year: adjusting pricing, conducting employee reviews, and setting budgets. In the past, Jennifer has chosen to restrain growth to give her employees and her processes a chance to catch up. But this coming year? She says she’s ready to “unleash the hounds.” And for the first time, she’s planning to budget for profit first and then force her expenses to fit her margins. Unlike Jennifer, who conducts employee reviews throughout the year, David saves his evaluations for the end of the year. As he looks forward, he’s trying to figure out what the economy means for his business. He’s seeing more companies in distress, but also more opportunities to help people with severance packages who decide to buy businesses. Plus: David and Jennifer share how they’ve each been experimenting with ChatGPT of late.

This week, Kurt Wilkin discusses what he’s learned about selling businesses and how he’s thinking about what he might do next. An entrepreneur, an investor, a mentor, and a former business owner who recently sold a recruiting firm, Wilkin tells us why his acquisition of the firm didn't work out the way he hoped and how he managed to turn it around and sell it. Part of the problem, Kurt says, was that he jumped back into the game too quickly after selling his previous business. It’s a mistake he’s not going to repeat this time.

This week, in episode 264, Mel Gravely brings closure to a story he’s been sharing in pieces over the past year. You may recall that he bought a facilities maintenance company a couple years ago that he was convinced he could scale—only to discover that it was hemorrhaging money. Mel dug in, diagnosed the problem, fixed it, bought out his partners, turned the company profitable—and then decided to shut it down. Why close a business that’s making money? Mel explains the surprising answer, along with three lessons he says he learned. He also joins Jay Goltz in a candid discussion of the painful flipside of hiring: When, and how, does it make sense to lay off employees? As Jay points out, it’s far easier to find advice about adding people than about letting them go, even though it’s a calculation many owners are facing today. Plus: A would-be entrepreneur preparing to launch a business with two friends admits he’s feeling scared. He wants to know whether that fear ever goes away. Mel and Jay think he’s asking the wrong question.

This week, Cameron Madill, an entrepreneur who’s married to an entrepreneur, talks about the challenges of building a business while maintaining a relationship. Along with his own experience, Cameron has done lots of research, including interviewing more than 100 couples, and has also started a business to help couples balance marriage and entrepreneurship. Among other things, we discuss the difference between healthy passion for work and unhealthy passion, how to handle the most common issues that come up between entrepreneurial spouses, and the most important lessons Cameron has learned on this journey.

This week, in episode 263, we bring you another 21 Hats Brainstorm. Elan Daniel, who started a small-batch hummus business inspired by a memorable experience in Israel, is trying to figure out his best path to long-term viability. So far, he’s been selling at farmers markets and direct to consumers, making all of the hummus and all of the deliveries himself. Since February, his sales have been growing between 5 and 10 percent a week, but his growth is constrained by his refusal to use preservatives, which adds flavor but limits the product’s shelf life. So how should he proceed: Should he sell to speciality markets and restaurants? Should he try to sell to Whole Foods? Should he open his own hummus restaurant, or hummusiya? Should he try to introduce his hummus to the uninitiated or should he focus on connoisseurs? To help Elan think through his options, we convened a panel of 21 Hats Brainstormers and recorded this podcast episode. It’s brought to you by New Bridge Studios, which helps companies, creators, and causes connect their story to the bottom line. And by the way, if you have a challenge you’d like to put before a panel of business owners in our next Brainstorm, shoot me an email: loren@21hats.com.

This week, Eric Stites, founder and CEO of Franchise Business Review, talks about the state of the franchising world. How much money do you need to buy a franchise? How much can you make? What are the hot categories? What are the most common mistakes? We also talk about life on the other side: What makes a business a good candidate to become a franchisor? And is it possible to avoid the tension -- and litigation -- that so often arises between franchisees and franchisors? Plus: If you buy a franchise, are you an entrepreneur? Or are you just buying a job?

This week, Jaci Russo and Sarah Segal wrestle with a question that haunts many entrepreneurs: How do you bring your kids into the business—whether for a summer or for good—without messing up the business (or the kids)? For years, Jaci and her husband Michael quietly hoped their son Jackson might one day take over their marketing agency. Their unusual strategy? Never mention it to him—at least not until he’d demonstrated interest and not until he’d proven himself somewhere else. The approach seems to have worked: Jackson has joined BrandRusso, and Jaci has told him he’ll take over in four years. Which prompted Sarah to ask Jaci an obvious question, “What happens if he takes over, and he does a bad job?” As it happens, Jaci and Michael have thought about that, too. Plus: Jaci and Sarah discuss the merits of the new tech trend, especially hot in San Francisco, where more and more people are wearing AI-powered devices that can stealthily transcribe every conversation they have.