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Good evening, stargazers! It's January 9th, and we've got a celestial anniversary that'll make you want to dust off those telescopes and bundle up for some serious nighttime observing.

On this date in 1992, the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory detected something absolutely mind-bending: a **gamma-ray burst** that lasted only a few seconds but released more energy than our Sun will produce in its entire 10-billion-year lifetime. We're talking about the kind of cosmic violence that makes supernovae look like birthday candles!

For decades, these gamma-ray bursts were among astronomy's greatest mysteries. Scientists would see these brilliant flashes of gamma radiation from the distant universe and basically throw up their hands in bewilderment. "Where are they coming from? What creates them? Are we under attack?" The speculation was wild!

But here's where it gets really fun: these observations throughout the 1990s eventually led to the breakthrough realization that gamma-ray bursts come from the **most catastrophic events in the universe**—either the collision of two neutron stars or the death explosion of massive stars collapsing into black holes. We're talking about cosmic fireworks on a scale that makes our most powerful nuclear weapons look like sparklers.

Every time astronomers detected one of these bursts, we got closer to understanding the universe's most violent and energetic phenomena. Pretty spectacular for a "small" event happening in our night sky!

So whether you're an amateur astronomer or just curious about the cosmos, don't forget to **subscribe to the Astronomy Tonight podcast** for more cosmic discoveries! If you want more detailed information about tonight's sky or any astronomical event, be sure to check out **QuietPlease.AI**. Thank you for listening to another **Quiet Please Production**, and clear skies to you all!

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Good evening, stargazers! Today is January 8th, and we're celebrating one of the most dramatic and consequential discoveries in the history of astronomy!

On this date in 1642, the great Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei passed away—but that's not quite the astronomical event we're highlighting. Rather, we're honoring what January 8th represents in the annals of space exploration: **the anniversary of Juno's daring encounter with Jupiter's Great Red Spot!**

On January 8th, 2024, NASA's Juno spacecraft conducted one of its closest approaches to Jupiter's most famous and mysterious feature—that colossal, centuries-old storm that has captivated astronomers since we first spotted it through telescopes. Imagine a tempest so massive that three Earths could fit inside it, swirling and churning with wind speeds exceeding 270 miles per hour!

Juno, that remarkable robotic explorer, plunged through the Jovian atmosphere, its instruments working frantically to measure the storm's internal structure, composition, and magnetic properties. The data revealed that this crimson colossus is far more complex than we ever imagined—with roots that plunge deep into Jupiter's interior and wind patterns that defy our earthbound meteorological intuitions.

This close encounter reminded us that there are still profound mysteries lurking in our cosmic backyard, waiting for the brave little probes we send to investigate them.

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Good evening, stargazers! Today we're celebrating January 7th—a date that marks one of the most dramatic and consequential discoveries in the history of astronomy.

On this day in 1610, Galileo Galilei turned his newly constructed telescope toward Jupiter and made an observation that would shake the very foundations of how humanity understood the cosmos. He discovered **Jupiter's four largest moons**—Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto—now known as the Galilean moons.

Picture this: it's the early 17th century, the Catholic Church has firmly established that everything in the heavens revolves around the Earth, and along comes an Italian polymath with a tube full of lenses peering at the night sky. What he saw through that primitive telescope was nothing short of revolutionary. Four points of light orbiting around Jupiter! Not around Earth—around Jupiter!

This wasn't just a cool astronomical observation. This was a cosmic mic drop. It provided observational evidence that not all celestial bodies orbit the Earth. If Jupiter's moons orbited Jupiter, then perhaps—just perhaps—the Earth and other planets might orbit the Sun. Copernicus had theorized it, but Galileo *saw it*.

The irony? The Catholic establishment wasn't thrilled with Galileo's findings. But the universe doesn't care about politics, and those four moons continue their eternal dance around Jupiter to this very day, silently testifying to the heliocentric truth.

Thank you for listening to another episode of the Astronomy Tonight podcast. If you found tonight's episode fascinating and want to learn more about the cosmos, please subscribe to the Astronomy Tonight podcast wherever you get your podcasts. For additional information and resources, head over to **QuietPlease.AI**. Thanks for tuning in to another Quiet Please Production!

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Good evening, stargazers! Today we're celebrating January 6th, a date that marks one of the most delightfully named astronomical events in modern history: the discovery of the **Pluto-Charon system's mutual eclipses** beginning in 1985, but more importantly, we're looking back at **January 6, 2010**, when NASA's Kepler Space Telescope observed one of its first major planetary discoveries in the making!

But here's the really fun part – January 6th is also the anniversary of a fascinating celestial alignment observation! On this very date in 1822, the famous astronomer Giuseppe Piazzi made critical observations that helped confirm the orbital mechanics of asteroids. While we often think of astronomy as a modern science filled with space telescopes and rovers, Piazzi was out there with a simple refracting telescope, painstakingly tracking these distant worlds night after night.

What's remarkable is how these early observations laid the groundwork for everything we do today. Piazzi couldn't have imagined that someday we'd be discovering thousands of exoplanets, yet his meticulous work on asteroid positions was absolutely essential to understanding how our solar system actually works!

So tonight, as you look up at the January sky, remember that we're standing on the shoulders of giants – observers with nothing but their eyes, telescopes, and sheer determination.

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Welcome back, stargazers! Today we're celebrating January 5th, and let me tell you, this date has some absolutely *stellar* history—and I mean that literally!

On January 5th, 1933, one of the most profound discoveries in human history was announced: **the first evidence of a supernova in another galaxy**. Astronomer Fritz Zwicky and his colleague Walter Baade at the Mount Wilson Observatory were observing when they detected an incredibly bright explosion in the galaxy NGC 884. But here's where it gets really exciting: they proposed something revolutionary for the time—that this explosion represented the birth of something entirely new to science: a **neutron star**.

Think about that for a moment. These weren't just watching fireworks in space; they were witnessing the violent death throes of a massive star, the complete gravitational collapse of matter so extreme that an object the size of a city could weigh more than our entire Sun. They even coined the term "supernova"—literally meaning "new star"—because it appeared as brilliantly as if a brand new star had ignited in the heavens.

This discovery fundamentally changed our understanding of stellar evolution and the universe's violent, dynamic nature. Neutron stars would eventually lead us to pulsars, black holes, and gravitational wave astronomy. One observation in 1933 rippled through the cosmos of human knowledge for nearly a century!

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**January 4th: The Night the Quadrantids Begin Their Celestial Dance**

Welcome, stargazers! Today we're celebrating one of the most spectacular meteor showers of the year—the Quadrantids—which reaches its peak around this very date!

Picture this: it's the early morning hours, the sky is dark, and suddenly—*whoosh*—a streak of light tears across the heavens at an incredible 90 kilometers per second. That's over 200,000 miles per hour, folks! The Quadrantids are the speedsters of the meteor world, and they're putting on a show just for us.

Here's where it gets really cool: these meteors originate from an asteroid called 2003 EH1, which orbits our sun every 5.33 years. When Earth passes through the debris trail left behind by this cosmic wanderer, we get treated to up to 40 meteors per hour at peak activity—and that's if you're watching from a dark location away from city lights, of course.

Named after the now-defunct constellation Quadrans Muralis (the Mural Quadrant), these meteors seem to radiate from the northern sky, making them best viewed in the Northern Hemisphere. Bundle up, find a dark spot, lie back on a blanket, and prepare for one of nature's most humbling light shows.

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**January 3rd in Astronomical History: The Discovery of the Quadrantids' Radiant (1825)**

Good evening, stargazers! On this date in 1825, astronomers made a fascinating discovery that would help us understand one of the most reliable meteor showers gracing our night skies—the **Quadrantids**. While meteors had been observed raining down from this part of the sky for centuries, it was on January 3rd that scientists began systematically documenting and mapping this celestial phenomenon with newfound precision.

The Quadrantids reach their peak right around this time of year—literally just days away—and they're absolutely spectacular! These meteors are the debris field left behind by an asteroid named 2003 EH1, and at peak, observers can see up to 120 meteors per hour under ideal dark sky conditions. That's two shooting stars *per minute*! Imagine standing outside in the bitter January cold, wrapped in blankets, watching the universe put on a fireworks display just for you.

What makes the Quadrantids particularly special is their sharp peak—they don't linger for weeks like some other meteor showers. No, these cosmic speedsters make a dramatic appearance and then vanish, which is why timing is everything. And thanks to discoveries like the one made on this very date, we now have the tools and knowledge to predict exactly when and where to look.

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Welcome back, stargazers! On January 2nd, we have a truly spectacular astronomical milestone to celebrate – and it involves one of the most ambitious missions humanity has ever launched into the cosmos.

On January 2nd, 2004, the Spirit rover touched down on Mars in Gusev Crater, and let me tell you, this little six-wheeled explorer was about to rewrite what we thought we knew about the Red Planet. Scientists had planned for a 90-day mission – just three months of poking around the Martian dirt. But Spirit had other ideas. This resilient robotic geologist would go on to operate for *nearly six years*, absolutely crushing its original timeline and objectives.

What made Spirit so remarkable wasn't just its longevity – it was the discoveries it made. This rover found evidence of ancient water activity, detected methane in the Martian atmosphere, documented massive dust storms, and sent back thousands of breathtaking images that fundamentally changed our understanding of Mars as a potentially habitable world. Gusev Crater transformed from an abstract coordinate on a map into a place – a real location with geological history and scientific significance.

The engineering achievement alone was staggering. Here was a machine built on Earth, sent to another planet 140 million miles away, operating in an alien environment with no possibility of human repair, and it just kept working, kept exploring, kept discovering.

Thanks for tuning in to another episode of Astronomy Tonight! If you found this fascinating, please subscribe to the Astronomy Tonight podcast so you never miss an episode. For more detailed information about Gusev Crater, the Spirit rover, and other astronomical events, check out **Quiet Please dot AI**. Thank you for listening to another Quiet Please Production!

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Good evening, stargazers! On this date—January 1st—we celebrate one of the most monumentally important discoveries in the entire history of astronomy. On January 1st, 1801, Italian astronomer Giuseppe Piazzi discovered the first asteroid, which he named Ceres!

Now, before you think "oh, just another space rock," hear me out—this discovery absolutely *revolutionized* our understanding of the solar system. You see, astronomers had long noticed a curious gap between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. It was as if something was missing from God's grand design. So when Piazzi's telescope revealed this mysterious wandering star on New Year's Day, it was basically the astronomical equivalent of finding the missing puzzle piece everyone had been searching for!

What makes this even more delicious is that Piazzi initially thought he'd discovered a comet, then possibly a new planet. But as other astronomers began spotting similar objects in the same region of space, they realized they'd stumbled upon an entirely *new category* of celestial bodies—asteroids! Ceres itself has since been reclassified as a dwarf planet, and it remains the largest object in the asteroid belt to this day, containing nearly a third of the entire belt's mass!

So here's to Giuseppe Piazzi and his incredible New Year's Day gift to astronomy!

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Welcome, stargazers! Today we're celebrating one of the most momentous occasions in astronomical history—the birth of the greatest celestial detective who ever lived: Sir William Herschel, born on December 31st, 1738!

Now, you might be thinking, "A musician-turned-astronomer? Sounds like a career change," and you'd be absolutely right! Herschel started his life as a German-born composer and oboe player in Bath, England, but something about the night sky captured his imagination far more than any symphony ever could. And boy, did the universe strike gold with this career pivot.

In 1781, Herschel did something absolutely mind-blowing—he *discovered a planet* with his homemade telescope! We're talking about Uranus, the seventh planet from the Sun. Can you imagine? For thousands of years of human history, astronomers had observed five planets beyond Earth, and then this former musician essentially expands our entire solar system in a single observation. It was like discovering an entire continent while everyone else thought they'd already mapped the world!

But Herschel didn't stop there. He went on to conduct the first systematic survey of the heavens, mapped thousands of stars, discovered infrared radiation, and revolutionized our understanding of the cosmos. He literally invented modern observational astronomy as we know it.

So here's to William Herschel—proof that you don't need to be born into a career; sometimes the greatest discoveries come from following your passion wherever it leads!

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On December 30th, we celebrate one of the most dramatic and consequential discoveries in the history of astronomy: the identification of Cepheid variables in the Andromeda Galaxy by Edwin Hubble in 1924!

Picture this: it's the roaring twenties, and Edwin Hubble is peering through the 100-inch Hooker Telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory in Southern California. For centuries, astronomers had debated whether the fuzzy "nebulae" they observed through their telescopes were merely clouds of gas within our own Milky Way, or something far more extraordinary—entire island universes unto themselves. The stakes couldn't have been higher for understanding our place in the cosmos.

Hubble was hunting for something specific: Cepheid variables—stars that pulse in brightness in a predictable, rhythmic pattern, like the cosmic equivalent of a lighthouse. A few years earlier, Henrietta Leavitt had discovered that the brighter a Cepheid variable actually is, the longer its pulsation period. This relationship was the key to unlocking cosmic distance!

When Hubble spotted those telltale variations in the brightness of stars in Andromeda, he realized he'd found a "standard candle"—a way to measure the true distance to these stars. His calculations revealed something absolutely mind-blowing: Andromeda was far, *far* beyond our galaxy. We weren't alone. The universe was incomprehensibly vaster than anyone had imagined.

This single observation fundamentally rewrote our cosmic address book and launched modern cosmology itself!

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Good evening, stargazers! On this date, December 29th, we have a truly remarkable astronomical event to celebrate.

**The Discovery of Cassini's Division - December 29, 1675**

On this very day in 1675, the Italian-French astronomer Giovanni Cassini made one of the most stunning discoveries in planetary science: he observed a prominent gap in Saturn's rings! This wasn't just any gap—it was a substantial, clearly defined division that would come to bear his name: **Cassini's Division**.

Picture this: Cassini is peering through his telescope at Saturn, and suddenly, he notices something extraordinary. The rings aren't solid! Between the outer A-ring and the inner B-ring, there's a dark, clearly visible space—a gap roughly 4,700 kilometers wide. It was like discovering that Saturn had been hiding this cosmic secret all along, just waiting for someone with keen enough eyes and a good enough telescope to notice.

What makes this even more fascinating is that Cassini's Division isn't actually empty—we now know it contains countless small moonlets and ring particles, but they're sparse enough that light passes through, making it appear dark and giving us that dramatic contrast. It's nature's own celestial highway!

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Good evening, stargazers! Today is December 28th, and we're celebrating one of the most dramatic and awe-inspiring moments in modern astronomical history!

On this date in 1612, Galileo Galilei made his final observation of Jupiter and its magnificent four Galilean moons—though he didn't realize it would be his last. The Italian polymath had been systematically studying these distant worlds through his primitive telescope, forever changing our understanding of the cosmos. But here's where it gets dramatic: Galileo's eyesight was already deteriorating, and by the following year, he would be completely blind. Yet in that precious moment on December 28th, 1612, he was still witnessing the heavens with his own eyes—documenting the dance of Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto as they pirouetted around their gas giant parent.

What makes this particularly poignant is that Galileo's observations of these moons provided some of the first compelling evidence that not everything in the universe orbited the Earth. The Church wasn't thrilled about that, as you might imagine! But there he was, that brilliant mind, capturing the cosmic ballet one final time before darkness would claim his vision forever.

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Today, December 27th, marks a date of cosmic significance that reminds us just how violent and dramatic the universe can be!

On December 27th, 2004, the most powerful explosion ever recorded in our galaxy erupted from a neutron star located about 50,000 light-years away. We're talking about the famous **starquake on SGR 1806-20** – a magnetar that essentially had the most spectacular cosmic tantrum imaginable.

Picture this: you have a neutron star so dense that a teaspoon of its material would weigh as much as all the elephants on Earth combined. Now imagine the crust of that star, which is made of iron stronger than any material we could ever create in a laboratory, suddenly fracturing under the immense magnetic stresses. That's exactly what happened, and the resulting gamma-ray burst was so powerful that if it had occurred just 10 light-years away instead of 50,000, it would have stripped away Earth's ozone layer in an instant!

For a brief moment on that December morning, this single stellar explosion released as much energy as our Sun will produce in 150,000 years. Telescopes around the world lit up like a cosmic fireworks show – satellites detected the burst, and astronomers scrambled to point their instruments at this incredible phenomenon.

It's a humbling reminder that the universe doesn't just sparkle prettily – sometimes it roars!

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Good evening, stargazers! Today we're celebrating December 26th, and oh, do we have a cosmic celebration to talk about!

On December 26th, 1672, the Italian astronomer Gian Domenico Cassini made one of the most thrilling discoveries in the history of planetary science: **he discovered Iapetus, one of Saturn's moons!**

Now, here's where it gets absolutely fascinating. Iapetus is no ordinary moon—it's basically the cosmic Yin-Yang of our solar system! One hemisphere is bright and shiny, while the other side is dark as coal. For centuries, astronomers were baffled. How could the same moon have such dramatically different appearances? It wasn't until centuries later that we discovered Iapetus has a massive ridge running along its equator—imagine a mountain range wrapping around the middle of a moon like a cosmic belt! This ridge, in some places, reaches heights of 12 miles (20 kilometers) above the surface. Scientists still debate its origins, making Iapetus one of the solar system's greatest mysteries.

When Cassini first spotted this peculiar moon with his telescope, he had no idea he was observing one of the most geometrically bizarre objects orbiting Saturn. Pretty incredible for a 17th-century discovery, wouldn't you say?

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Good evening, stargazers! I'm thrilled to be with you on this Christmas evening, and boy do we have a celestial tale to tell you about December 25th!

On this very date in 1642, the legendary astronomer **Isaac Newton was born** in Woolsthorpe, England. Now, you might be thinking, "Wait, that's physics, not astronomy!" But oh my friend, you couldn't be more wrong. Newton's monumental contributions quite literally shaped our understanding of the cosmos itself!

This absolute titan of science gave us the law of universal gravitation – the principle that explains why planets orbit the sun, why the moon dances around Earth, and why apples famously fall toward the ground. Can you imagine trying to do modern astronomy without understanding gravity? We'd be completely lost! Newton's *Principia Mathematica*, published in 1687, became the foundation upon which all celestial mechanics rested for over two centuries.

What's even more delightful is the cosmic irony: Newton was born the very year that Galileo died. As if the universe itself was passing the torch of astronomical enlightenment from one great mind to another – the ultimate changing of the guard in the history of science!

So tonight, as you look up at the stars visible from wherever you're celebrating, remember that every trajectory, every orbit, every gravitational dance happening above was first understood by a man born on this very day.

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Welcome back, stargazers! Today we're celebrating December 24th, and oh, do we have a celestial treat for you! On this very date in 1968, the Apollo 8 spacecraft executed one of the most daring maneuvers in human history—it entered lunar orbit on Christmas Eve, making astronauts Frank Borman, Jim Lovell, and William Anders the first human beings to orbit the Moon!

Imagine this: it's the height of the Cold War space race, and these three brave souls are hurtling through the vacuum of space at nearly 25,000 miles per hour, about to swing behind the Moon where they'd lose all radio contact with Earth. The tension must have been absolutely electric! And get this—they didn't just orbit once. They completed ten full orbits around our celestial neighbor over the course of 20 hours, giving humanity its first real-time glimpse of lunar geography.

But here's where it gets really special: on Christmas Eve morning, while orbiting the far side of the Moon, Borman, Lovell, and Anders witnessed something no human had ever seen before—the Earth rising above the lunar horizon. This iconic moment was captured in the famous "Earthrise" photograph, which would become one of the most influential images in human history, fundamentally changing how we see ourselves and our fragile blue planet.

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Good evening, stargazers! On December 23rd, we celebrate one of the most delightful moments in astronomical history—a day that reminds us that sometimes the universe has a sense of humor, and it's absolutely brilliant!

On this date in 1758, after decades of waiting with bated breath, astronomers finally spotted the return of **Halley's Comet**—the most famous periodic visitor to Earth's night sky. French astronomer Charles Messier observed it, and let me tell you, this was a *big deal*.

You see, in 1705, the legendary Edmond Halley had predicted that the comet bearing his name would return in 1758, based on historical observations from 1531, 1607, and 1682. But Halley himself died in 1742, never seeing his prediction come true. So when that brilliant cosmic snowball came swinging back around the Sun on schedule—right on time with its 75-76 year orbital period—it was like the ultimate cosmic "I told you so!" Imagine the vindication!

The comet's reappearance was nothing short of revolutionary because it proved, scientifically and undeniably, that comets weren't random celestial harbingers of doom, but rather predictable objects bound by gravity and mathematics. It transformed astronomy from mysticism to science!

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Good evening, stargazers! Today is December 22nd, and we're celebrating one of the most celestially significant dates on the calendar—the Winter Solstice in the Northern Hemisphere!

On this very day each year, something truly spectacular happens: the Sun reaches its southernmost point in the sky, marking the moment when the Northern Hemisphere tilts farthest away from our star. This is the shortest day and longest night of the year for everyone north of the equator, while our friends down under in the Southern Hemisphere are enjoying their Summer Solstice—the longest day of their year. Talk about cosmic balance!

But here's where it gets really fun: ancient astronomers were absolutely *obsessed* with this date. Stonehenge in England, the pyramids in Egypt, and countless other megalithic monuments were precisely aligned to track this solstice. People gathered to witness the Sun's lowest arc across the sky, and many cultures celebrated with festivals and rituals because—frankly—it was proof that the Sun would return and bring warmth back to the world. No pressure on the Sun, right?

From an astronomical perspective, today represents the exact moment when the ecliptic plane creates its maximum angle relative to the celestial equator. It's pure geometric poetry happening 93 million miles away, and we get front-row seats!

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**December 21st: The Winter Solstice – When the Sun Takes Its Southernmost Bow**

Well hello there, stargazers! Today we're celebrating one of the most astronomically significant days of the year – the Winter Solstice!

On December 21st, we reach the astronomical winter in the Northern Hemisphere (and summer in the Southern Hemisphere, you lucky folks down under). But what makes this day so special? Let me paint you a cosmic picture.

The Winter Solstice occurs when the Earth's axial tilt reaches its maximum angle *away* from the Sun – about 23.5 degrees. This means that here in the Northern Hemisphere, the Sun reaches its southernmost position in the sky, hugging the Tropic of Capricorn at 23.5°S latitude. For those of us north of the equator, we get the shortest day and the longest night of the entire year. We're talking maximum darkness, folks – nature's way of saying, "Time to hibernate and stare at the stars!"

This astronomical event has captivated humanity for millennia. Ancient peoples built monuments like Stonehenge and Newgrange specifically to align with the solstice sunrise. The Inca built Machu Picchu with solstice observations in mind. Even today, thousands of people gather at these ancient sites to witness the Sun's dramatic arrival at its turning point.

What's truly magical is that after today, the days start getting longer again – it's nature's promise that spring will eventually return. The Sun literally turns around and heads back north!

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