Welcome to this travel podcast series that primarily focuses on inspiring you to want to explore parts of Europe on your own. This can be in the form of City Breaks, weekend getaways, and holidays.
If you are looking for perfect ideas for a refreshing change from the familiar landscape, join us on this journey through the countries of Europe to exciting capitals and many fascinating cities and different destinations. In other words, the current travel podcast leads to places with their own compelling stories to share and experiences.
Enjoy your journey!
Links:
"City Breaks in Europe" is published via this website: https://podopshost.com/europe
Easy travel planning 24/7: https://book24h.online
Interested in a sponsorship? Please contact: HvOnAir@hvolmgaard.com
Dansk:
Denne podcast serie er også udgivet på dansk som: "City Breaks i Europa" by HvOnAir ©
"City Breaks i Europa" publiceres via dette website: https://podopshost.com/europa
Nem rejseplanlægning 24/7: https://book24h.online
Interesseret i et sponsorat? Kontakt venligst: HvOnAir@hvolmgaard.com
Welcome to this travel podcast series that primarily focuses on inspiring you to want to explore parts of Europe on your own. This can be in the form of City Breaks, weekend getaways, and holidays.
If you are looking for perfect ideas for a refreshing change from the familiar landscape, join us on this journey through the countries of Europe to exciting capitals and many fascinating cities and different destinations. In other words, the current travel podcast leads to places with their own compelling stories to share and experiences.
Enjoy your journey!
Links:
"City Breaks in Europe" is published via this website: https://podopshost.com/europe
Easy travel planning 24/7: https://book24h.online
Interested in a sponsorship? Please contact: HvOnAir@hvolmgaard.com
Dansk:
Denne podcast serie er også udgivet på dansk som: "City Breaks i Europa" by HvOnAir ©
"City Breaks i Europa" publiceres via dette website: https://podopshost.com/europa
Nem rejseplanlægning 24/7: https://book24h.online
Interesseret i et sponsorat? Kontakt venligst: HvOnAir@hvolmgaard.com
This episode begins with some facts about Wales, followed by a summary of the country's history.
Then follows a more detailed journey through Wales’ history, which ends with the modern times and The Welsh Government.
Furthermore, tourism today is described, and it concludes with a summary of nine travel tips and attractions in Wales.
Finally, it is revealed which destination in Wales we will dive into in the next episode of this podcast series.
This episode is dedicated to my youngest daughter, Josephine.
Wales is a country located in the western part of Great Britain, bordered by England to the east, the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea to the west, and the Bristol Channel to the south.
Wales is a part of both the United Kingdom (aka UK) and Great Britain. The United Kingdom is a political union made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Together, these countries form a sovereign state, with a shared system of governance and a monarch as the head of state. On the other hand, Great Britain is a geographical term that refers to the largest island in the British Isles, which includes England, Scotland, and Wales.
Area: The total area of Wales is 20,735 km² (aka 8,023 square miles).
Population: Wales had a population of around 3.1 million people in 2021.
Capital: Cardiff is the capital and the largest city in Wales, with a population of 362,310 in 2021.
Languages: Welsh (aka Cymraeg) and English are de jure official languages of the Welsh Parliament, the Senedd. Welsh is spoken by about 20% of the population, and is more commonly spoken in the north and west of the country.
Currency: The currency used in Wales is the pound sterling (abbreviated as GBP). Like the rest of the United Kingdom, the currency is divided into pounds (£) and pence (p).
The notes used are £5, £10, £20, and £50. The coins used are 1p, 2p, 5p, 10p, 20p, 50, £1, and £2.
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Wales has a rich and fascinating history that dates back to prehistoric times. The country is known for its Celtic roots, which have contributed to its unique language, culture, and traditions. Over the centuries, Wales has faced many challenges, such as invasions from the Romans and Normans. Despite these obstacles, Wales has managed to maintain its identity through its literature, music, and art.
During the Middle Ages, Wales experienced a tumultuous history. In the early part of this era, Wales was divided into small kingdoms that were frequently at war with each other. However, in 1282, King Edward I of England conquered Wales and established English rule over the country.
Today, Wales is known for its stunning landscapes and vibrant cities like Cardiff and Swansea. Yet Wales is also celebrated for producing some of the world's most talented actors, musicians, poets, and writers, like Dylan Thomas (1914-1953) and Richard Walter Jenkins Junior, aka Richard Burton (1925-1984). The legacy of Welsh culture can be felt far beyond the borders of this small country, with Welsh communities thriving in places like Patagonia, in Argentina.
By preserving their native language (aka Cymraeg) alongside English as an official language in Wales since 1993, future generations will be able to celebrate their cultural heritage for years to come.
The legacy of Wales will continue to inspire people around the world as a rich tapestry woven by old myths mixed with modern innovation!
In the following, the history of Wales is told in a more detailed version.
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Wales has a long history, with evidence of human habitation dating back to 230,000 BCE, according to archaeological sites. Neanderthals and Homo sapiens were prevalent during the prehistoric era in Wales. These early human populations were hunters and gatherers who left behind tools, weapons, and cave paintings as a record of their presence.
Invading Celtic tribes from central Europe introduced new knowledge of agriculture, trade, and bronze-working during the Bronze Age.
The Celtic Britons lived in Wales until the Romans began conquering the country in 43 CE. Wales, which was a part of Roman Britannia, became a centre for the lead, copper, silver, and gold industries. The Romans also built roads that connected Wales to other parts of Britain.
After Rome was overthrown in 410 CE, Germanic tribes like the Angles and Saxons entered Wales and established their kingdoms in England.
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During the Middle Ages, Wales experienced a tumultuous history. In the early part of this era, Wales was divided into small kingdoms that were frequently at war with each other. However, in 1282, King Edward I of England conquered Wales and established English rule over the country.
Despite this, Welsh identity remained strong, and rebellions against English rule were frequent throughout the medieval period. Many famous Welsh leaders emerged during this time, including Owain Glyndwr, who led a rebellion against English rule in the early 15th century.
Despite ongoing unrest, Wales became an important centre of commerce during the Middle Ages due to its vast natural resources, such as coal and iron. The country also produced fine woollen cloth that was highly prized by the European nobility. The Welsh language flourished during this time as well; however, it was not until the late Middle Ages that written literature began to emerge in Welsh.
Throughout the Middle Ages, Wales remained largely isolated from European cultural advancements due to its political instability and remote location. Nevertheless, this period played a crucial role in shaping Welsh identity and culture, which persist to this day.
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Wales experienced economic difficulty throughout the centuries that followed as a result of things like bad crops and unstable political conditions. This caused a large number of Welsh people to emigrate, in pursuit of employment and a better life, to other regions of Britain or beyond. Welsh language usage suffered during this period as English took over in government documents and the classroom.
In the 16th century, Wales became part of England under King Henry VIII's reign. Despite this union, however, Welsh identity remained strong.
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By the time of the Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century, Wales had become a major centre for coal mining and iron production, which helped fuel Britain's growing industrial revolution during the 18th and 19th centuries. This brought about significant changes in Welsh society, including an influx of workers from other parts of Britain who settled in communities around the mines and factories. Despite these changes, traditional Welsh culture continued to thrive alongside industrialization throughout this period.
By the late 19th century, Wales had become a major industrial powerhouse with booming mining and steel industries. However, this success came at a cost, as working conditions for miners were often dangerous and unhealthy.
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The first decade of the 20th century was a period of political, social, and industrial unrest throughout Europe. Despite this unrest, the First World War was generally welcomed in Wales.
In the national referendum of September 1914, the Welsh electorate voted in favour of the United Kingdom's entry into the European war.
The outbreak of war and the subsequent Russian Revolution in 1917 led to a crisis within the UK government concerning its support for Russia. This led to a strengthening of the Welsh nationalist movement and a surge in support for an independent Wales.
The end of World War I brought about a surge in nationalism, with many Welsh people demanding greater autonomy for their nation.
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The interwar period in Wales was marked by significant changes in the social and economic landscape of the country.
Economically, Wales struggled during this period due to the decline of traditional industries such as coal mining. However, there were also some positive developments, such as growth in manufacturing and an increase in tourism. The construction of new roads and railways made it easier for visitors to explore Wales' natural beauty spots.
Overall, the interwar period was a time of both challenge and opportunity for Wales. Despite economic struggles, there were also important gains made on both political and cultural fronts that would shape the future direction of the country.
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During World War II, Wales played a significant role in the war effort. The country's coal mines and steelworks were essential to the production of weapons, ammunition, and other supplies needed by the Allied forces. Welsh ports also served as important hubs for shipping materials and personnel to the front lines.
In addition to its industrial contributions, Wales also supplied troops to fight in various battles throughout the war. Welsh soldiers fought bravely in major conflicts such as Dunkirk, El Alamein, and Normandy. Many of these soldiers made great sacrifices, with over 11,000 losing their lives during the war.
The impact of World War II on Wales was significant, both economically and socially. While its contributions helped secure a victory for the Allies, many communities suffered from job losses and economic struggles after the conflict ended. However, Wales emerged from this period with a renewed sense of national identity and pride in its role as a key player in one of history's defining moments.
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During the post-war period in Wales, the country saw significant changes and transformations. The end of World War II marked a time of rebuilding for Wales as well as the rest of the United Kingdom. Industries such as coal mining and steel production, which played a crucial role in the Welsh economy, saw considerable growth during this period.
The 1940s also saw the establishment of the National Health Service (aka NHS) in Wales, which provided universal healthcare to all citizens. This was a pivotal moment in history that brought about major improvements in public health. Additionally, there were significant developments in education during this era, with access to education becoming more widely available.
However, it was not all smooth sailing for Wales during this period. The country faced economic challenges and social unrest as it struggled to find its place in a rapidly changing world. Despite these challenges, Wales emerged from the post-war period stronger than ever before and continued to make important contributions to UK culture and society over subsequent decades.
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From post-war until today, Wales has undergone significant changes that have shaped its present form. The end of World War II marked the beginning of a new era in Wales as the country emerged from the destruction and devastation inflicted by war. The economy was in shambles, and many communities were struggling to rebuild their lives.
The 1950s saw significant industrial growth in Wales, with coal mining and steel production at their peak. However, it was not sustainable, and by the 1980s, many mines had closed down due to competition from cheaper imports. This led to high unemployment rates in areas that were dependent on these industries.
In recent years, there has been a shift towards service-based industries such as technology and finance. This has brought about opportunities for innovation and entrepreneurship among young people who are keen to explore new ideas. Despite these developments, there are still challenges facing Wales, such as poverty, inequality, and political uncertainty following Brexit. Overall, though, modern times have seen significant progress driven by hard work and determination from the Welsh people.
Wales has a diverse economy, with agriculture and manufacturing being the largest sectors, followed by service sectors. Agriculture is predominantly sheep farming, but there are also cattle farms, duck farms, and dairy farms.
Today, Wales remains an integral part of the United Kingdom but also maintains its unique identity through language, culture, and tradition.
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Wales is a country with its own system of governance, which means that it has a unique government compared to that of the British government. The Welsh government is responsible for all segments of policy, including health, education, and the environment, among others.
The Welsh government is led by the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the King upon appointment to the Welsh Assembly. The Welsh Assembly, also known as the Senedd, is made up of 60 Members of the Senedd (aka MS) who are elected every five years by a system of proportional representation.
In addition to the Welsh government, Wales is also represented in the UK Parliament at Westminster by 40 deputies. The UK government retains responsibility for areas such as foreign affairs, defense, and immigration, among others.
Since 1999, when the Welsh Assembly was established, Wales has had increasing control over its affairs, including the ability to legislate on some matters. The devolved system of governance in Wales has allowed for greater representation and decision-making power for the people of Wales, ensuring that policies and laws are tailored to the specific needs and interests of the country.
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With millions of tourists arriving each year to discover the nation's rich history, breathtaking landscapes, and thriving cultural scene, tourism is now a sizable industry in Wales.
Wales' wide variety of attractions that can accommodate all interests and price ranges has contributed to the country's tremendous growth in the tourism sector over the past ten years.
The nation is home to numerous historic sites that date back many centuries, including the UNESCO World Heritage Sites of Caernarfon Castle and Conwy Castle.
Cardiff, the capital city of Wales, has become a must-visit destination due to its vibrant culture and rich history. The city is home to numerous attractions, such as Cardiff Castle, the National Museum of Cardiff, and St. Fagans National Museum of History. Additionally, visitors can enjoy the Millennium Stadium for sports enthusiasts or explore the beautiful Bute Park for some outdoor relaxation.
Llandudno, on the other hand, was known as the ‘Queen of Welsh Resorts’ and retains much of its Victorian charm. The town boasts beautiful beaches and promenades where tourists can take leisurely strolls while enjoying stunning views over Llandudno Bay. Furthermore, visitors can visit Great Orme Country Park and even take a ride on Britain’s only cable-hauled tramway. The magnificent Great Orme is a spectacular limestone headland that rises to a height of 233 metres and is one of the most visited tourist destinations in North Wales.
Enjoy a visit to St. David's, the smallest city in the UK, and take in the spectacular mediaeval splendour of St. David's Cathedral, which is tucked away in a gorgeous coastal location.
By visiting places like the Big Pit National Coal Museum or Blaenavon Ironworks, visitors can also learn about their industrial past. Wales is also the location of several magnificent natural treasures, including Snowdonia National Park and Brecon Beacons National Park, which provide visitors with beautiful views, outdoor recreation opportunities, such as lovely hiking paths, and exhilarating outdoor adventures.
The coastlines provide breathtaking views, wonderful animals, and a diverse array of aquatic life. Explore the wonders of nature as sharks glide beneath the surface, whales breach in the distance, and turtles bask in the warm currents as dolphins gracefully dance in the waves. Explore well-known coastal regions like Cardigan Bay, Pembrokeshire, or the Isle of Anglesey for the best chances of seeing these amazing creatures.
Wales has a lively cultural scene with many festivals and events all year round honouring the Welsh language, music, literature, food, and drink, in addition to these conventional tourist attractions.
Traditional folk music festivals and contemporary art shows are both available to visitors. Overall, tourism is a crucial component of the Welsh economy since it creates jobs for locals and gives visitors from around the globe access to this distinctive culture.
Wales is available to visitors and is a veritable treasure mine of history, scenic beauty, and vibrant culture. Prepare to be mesmerized by historic castles, embrace the grandeur of national parks, delight in cultural celebrations, and create lifelong memories as you travel around this fascinating area. Wales is a unique travel experience where history, environment, and culture all come together.
Please remember that a camera is also a great travel companion!
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Wales has a rich and fascinating history that is reflected in some of its tourist attractions.
1. Snowdonia National Park:
This stunning national park is home to the highest mountain in Wales, Snowdon, at an elevation of 1,085 metres above sea level, as well as beautiful lakes and forests, making it a perfect destination for hikers and nature lovers. It is the third most visited attraction in Wales.
2. Cardiff Castle:
This magnificent castle in the heart of Cardiff dates back to the 11th century and offers a glimpse into Welsh history and architecture. Visitors can explore the castle's many rooms, climb its towers, and enjoy the beautiful gardens.
3. St. Fagans National Museum of History:
One of the must-visit places is the St. Fagans National Museum of History, located in Cardiff. The open-air museum showcases Welsh history and culture with over 40 original buildings from different periods and regions of Wales, including a medieval church, farmhouses, and an ironworker's cottage.
4. Caernarfon Castle:
This popular attraction was built by Edward I in the late 13th century as both a military stronghold and a royal palace. Located in North Wales on the banks of the Menai Strait, this UNESCO World Heritage Site is one of the best-preserved castles in Europe. Visitors can explore its towers and walls while learning about its role in Welsh history.
5. The Big Pit National Coal Museum:
The museum offers visitors insight into Wales' industrial past with an underground tour of a former coal mine. Located near Blaenavon in South Wales, this living museum allows visitors to experience what working conditions were like for miners during different eras while learning about their lives above ground.
6. St. Davids:
This charming coastal town in Pembrokeshire is home to the beautiful St. Davids’ Cathedral, as well as plenty of quaint shops and restaurants.
7. The Brecon Mountain Railway:
This scenic railway takes visitors on a journey through the stunning Brecon Beacons National Park, offering breathtaking views of the mountains and valleys along the way.
8. Llandudno:
Llandudno, a charming seaside resort town in North Wales, is known for its beautiful Victorian architecture and sandy beaches.
Llandudno offers plenty of exciting places to explore. One of the most popular tourist attractions in the area is the Great Orme, a limestone headland that provides stunning views of the surrounding coastline. Visitors can take a cable car ride or drive up to the summit, where they will find quaint shops and cafes.
Additionally, visitors can learn about local mining traditions at the nearby Great Orme Mines or visit St. Tudnos’ Church, one of Wales' oldest churches, which dates back to 700 CE.
Another must-see destination in Llandudno is the Victorian-era pier, which stretches out into the Irish Sea and offers breathtaking views of the town's shoreline. Visitors can enjoy ice cream and traditional fish and chips while taking in the sights and sounds of this vibrant location.
With so many exciting destinations to explore, Llandudno is truly a gem on Wales' beautiful coast.
9. Conwy Castle:
An impressive medieval fortress located in Conwy, Wales. The castle was built by Edward I when he conquered Wales at the end of the thirteenth century. The castle is known for its well-preserved walls and towers, which offer stunning views of the surrounding area.
Conwy Castle served as a strategic stronghold against Welsh rebels. The castle is a prime example of military architecture from the Middle Ages and has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
In addition to its historical significance, Conwy Castle is also known for its impressive height. At 125 feet tall, it is one of the tallest castles in Britain and offers stunning views of the surrounding countryside. Visitors can explore the castle's towers, walls, and gateways to get a sense of what life was like for medieval soldiers defending their territory.
In contrast to the grandeur of Conwy Castle, visitors can also see "The Smallest House in Great Britain," located in Conwy. This house measures just 3.05 meters by 1.8 meters and has two small rooms stacked on top of each other, connected by a steep staircase. Despite its size, this house was once inhabited until 1900, when it was deemed unsuitable for habitation due to its size.
These two landmarks are a testament to the rich history of Wales, from grand castles built by kings to humble homes that housed everyday people. Visiting both sites provides a unique perspective on Welsh history and daily life in centuries past.
These 9 travel tips are just some examples of how tourists can delve into Welsh history at its most authentic sites across the nation. It's impossible to visit Wales without experiencing its rich culture. From its bustling cities to the wild countryside, there are so many ways for visitors to experience Welsh culture and meet the locals.
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In this podcast series from HvOnAir, several episodes are planned with inspiration for travel tips for City Breaks and weekend getaways in Wales, and the episodes will currently cover at least the following two exciting destinations: Cardiff, and Llandudno including Conwy, which are obvious targets for City Breaks and weekend getaways.
Thanks for listening, and please stay tuned for Episode 4, with Llandudno including Conwy as the topic.
This episode about Wales is dedicated to my beloved Josephine, the youngest daughter, who works hard every day to set the stage for a happy family life for six people. Respect!
Links:
Enjoy this podcast series in Danish: https://podopshost.com/europa
EASY travel planning 24/7 on the website: Book24h.online
Wrocław is Poland's fourth-largest city, with a population of around 700,000 in 2023. The city is the regional capital of Lower Silesia in the southwestern corner of Poland.
The city's large network of buses and often older trams makes it easy for visitors to get around the city, which is built along the river Oder.
There are more than 130 bridges and approximately 350 dwarf sculptures in Wrocław. The bridges are among the city's main attractions, as they span the Oder and the river's many branches and channels. The dwarf sculptures are a unique part of Wrocław's public art scene, with each sculpture depicting a profession, hobby, or character. They are small in size and often hard to find, but they have become a beloved symbol of the charm and distinctiveness of the Old Town, aka Stare Miasto.
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Wrocław in Poland is a city with a rich and complex history that spans over a thousand years. From its early beginnings as a Slavic settlement to its time as a German city - known as Breslau - and later developing into a vibrant cultural and economic center, Wrocław has seen many changes and developments throughout its history.
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In the following, the story of Wrocławs is reported in a more detailed version.
The earliest evidence of human settlement in the area that is now Wrocław dates back to prehistoric times, with the discovery of flint tools and animal bones from the Paleolithic era. The first permanent settlements in the area were established by the Slavic tribe of the Silesians in the 9th century; they called the settlement "Vratislavia."
In the 10th century, the Piast dynasty, which ruled over the early Polish state, incorporated Wrocław into their territory, and the city grew in importance as a center of trade and commerce. During this time, the city became renowned for its strong fortifications and strategic location along the River Oder.
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In the 13th century, Wrocław was granted city rights and became an important center of commerce and industry in the region. The city's prosperity was further enhanced by its membership in the Hanseatic League, a powerful trade network that dominated much of Northern Europe during the Middle Ages.
During the 14th and 15th centuries, Wrocław continued to grow and develop, with the construction of new churches, markets, and other public buildings. The city was also home to a thriving community of artists, writers, and intellectuals and played an important role in the cultural life of Poland.
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In the 16th century, Wrocław became part of the Habsburg Empire, which ruled over much of Central Europe. The city's population continued to grow, and it became an important center of the Protestant Reformation, with many prominent theologians and scholars living and working there.
In the 18th century, Wrocław became part of Prussia, and the city was renamed Breslau. The city underwent a period of rapid development and modernization, with the construction of new buildings and infrastructure, including the impressive River Oder bridges and the monumental City Hall.
During World War II, Breslau (or Wrocław) was heavily damaged by Allied bombing raids, and was subsequently taken over by Soviet forces at the end of the war.
Since, the city was incorporated into Poland, and its German population was expelled.
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In the years following the World War II, Wrocław underwent a massive program of reconstruction and rebuilding, with many of its historic buildings and landmarks restored to their former glory. The city also became an important center for industry and technology, with the establishment of numerous factories and research facilities.
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Despite a tumultuous past, Wrocław is now a vibrant city, and in recent years, Wrocław has emerged as a popular tourist destination, known for its beautiful architecture, vibrant cultural scene with many theatres, festivals, museums, and venues, as well as the city’s rich history.
Visitors can explore the city's many historic landmarks, including the magnificent marketplace (aka Rynek), Saint Elizabeth's Gothic-style church, and the impressive Centennial Hall, designed by the famous architect Max Berg.
Wrocław is also home to numerous bridges, numerous sculptures of dwarves, museums, galleries, and cultural institutions, including the National Museum, Wrocławs Modern Museum, and the Polish Theatre.
In addition to its cultural attractions, Wrocław is also known for its excellent restaurants, cafes, and bars, offering visitors a wide range of dining and nightlife options. It can be added here that several bars specialise in tasty microbrewed beer at extremely reasonable prices.
The centre of Wrocław alias the old town, aka Stare Miasto, is definitely worth a visit, and a large network of buses and trams helps visitors get around easily!
Please remember that a camera is also a great travel companion!
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1. Wrocław Market Square (aka Rynek):
This bustling square is the heart of Wrocław's Old Town and is surrounded by historic buildings with stunning facades. The many colorful houses and the Gothic-style town hall make it a popular place for locals, tourists and photographers alike. In addition, there are many funny dwarf sculptures in the old town.
2. Saint Elizabeth's of Hungary Roman Catholic parish:
This red brick Gothic church is one of the most iconic landmarks in Wrocław. The intricate details on the exterior and the stunning stained glass windows inside attract photographers. The church tower of Saint Elizabeth's of Hungary Roman Catholic parish offers a fantastic view of the city from above.
3. Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist:
This impressive Gothic cathedral is one of the most recognizable landmarks in Wrocław. The church is located in Ostrów Tumski, which is the oldest district of Wrocław. From the tower, which can be reached by elevator, there is a spectacular view of the city and the river Oder.
4. Centennial Hall (aka Hala Stulecia):
This massive concrete structure is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a masterpiece of modernist architecture. It is an impressive sight both inside and out.
5. University of Wrocław:
The university's main building is an impressive neo-Gothic structure with a stunning courtyard. It's a great place to take a break and take some photos.
6. Ostrów Tumski:
This is the oldest part of Wrocław, and is home to some of the city's most impressive architecture. It is also a great place to take a leisurely stroll and enjoy the atmosphere.
7. Tumski Bridge:
This pedestrian bridge is one of the most romantic places in Wrocław and has an excellent view of the Oder and the city skyline.
8. Bridge of Penitents in Saint Mary Magdalene's Cathedral:
This small bridge connects the two towers of Saint Mary Magdalene's Cathedral and offers a unique vantage point over the city skyline.
9. Royal Palace:
Now home to the Wrocław City Museum, this beautiful Baroque palace is the place to learn about the city's history and culture.
10. Trams:
Take a trip on the trams, which have been running since 1877. There are many lines and they are a popular and easy way to get to the sights.
11. Sailing trip on the Oder:
Take a boat trip down the River Oder (aka Odra), which runs through the heart of Wrocław. You will be able to see the city from a unique perspective and learn about its history along the way.
12. Muzeum Panorama Racławicka:
Take a guided tour of the famous panorama of the Battle of Racławice, a massive painting depicting a key battle in Polish history.
13. Wrocław Zoo:
Visit the famous Wrocław Zoo, home to over 10,000 animals from around the world. Everything from tigers to penguins can be seen here.
14. Wrocław cable car:
Take a ride on the Wrocław gondola, which offers an excellent view of the Oder from above.
15. Sky Tower Viewpoint:
Sky Tower is a 212 meter high skyscraper with 51 floors. On the 49th floor, the public has access to a view of Wrocław.
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With thoughts on the mentioned history of Wroclaw, here follows a descriptive program of how a City Break to Wrocław can proceed.
As soon as I arrived in Wrocław in Poland, I knew I was in for a treat. The city, with its charming architecture and vibrant energy, was buzzing with excitement. I had planned to spend four days exploring the city, and, as on similar City Breaks, I was determined to make the most of my stay.
On Thursday, I arrived at Wrocław Copernicus Airport and hopped on a bus that would take me to the heart of the city. The bus ride was smooth, and I spent most of my time looking out of the window, admiring the scenery as we made our way through the city.
After checking into a hotel in the city center, my first stop was Rynek, the picturesque Market Square in Stare Miasto. The square was bustling with activity, and I spent hours exploring the area. The colorful buildings, charming cafés, and quaint shops made for the perfect backdrop for my photographs.
Next, I visited the Bridge of Penitents in cathedral Marii Magdaleny, where I was struck by the stunning view of the city from atop the bridge. The cathedral was equally impressive, and I spent a long time marveling at its intricate architecture.
On Friday, I crossed Tumski Bridge to visit the Cathedral of St. John the Baptist in Ostrów Tumski, the oldest district of Wrocław. The cathedral was grand and imposing, and I was in awe of its sheer scale. I spent a long time exploring the cathedral and taking photographs and footage of the stunning views from one of the towers reached by a lift!
In the evenings during my stay, I visited several cozy bars with tasty craft beer. The beer was excellent, and the atmosphere was lively and inviting. The locals were friendly, and I had a great time chatting with them and learning about their city.
On Saturday, I visited several parks around Stare Miasto and took numerous tram rides over the many bridges of the River Oder. The views from the old trams were breathtaking, and I spent most of my time snapping photographs of the scenery.
In the afternoon, I visited the Sky Tower Viewpoint, a skyscraper with an amazing view of the city of Wroclaw, which has almost 700,000 citizens. The view from the top was breathtaking, and I spent some time admiring the city skyline, taking photographs, and filming the panoramic view.
On Sunday, I visited the impressive Wrocław Główny central railway station and also took the cable car ride across the River Oder. The ride was exhilarating, and I captured some incredible footage with my action camera. I spent the rest of the day simply enjoying a fantastic time exploring Wrocław.
As I left Wrocław, I felt grateful for the incredible experiences I had had during my stay. The city had exceeded my expectations, and I knew that it was not my last visit. As I boarded my flight, I promised myself that I would return one day to explore more of this beautiful and vibrant city.
The many good memories of my City Break to Wrocław are immortalized through photos and videos, which I feel the need to share with other travelers on a website, and, in particular, the story telling in this podcast series about travel tips for City Breaks and weekend getaways in Europe.
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Poland is the topic of Episode 1, and at the moment, in this podcast series from HvOnAir, there are planned three more episodes of travel tips to inspire City Breaks and weekend getaways in Poland. The episodes will cover the following exciting cities: Warsaw, Kraków, and Gdańsk.
In addition, there are planned three episodes of museums: Wieliczka Salt Mine, Auschwitz-Birkenau, and the European Solidarity Centre.
Thus, there are several episodes of City Breaks and weekend getaways in Poland to look forward to!
Thanks for listening, and please stay tuned on this podcast show for Episode 3, with Wales as the topic.
This episode about Wroclaw is dedicated to my beloved Stephanie, the eldest daughter, who works hard every day to set the stage for a happy family life for six people. Respect!
Links:
Enjoy this podcast series in Danish: https://podopshost.com/europa
EASY travel planning 24/7 on the website: Book24h.online
This episode begins with some facts about Poland, followed by a summary of the country's history.
Then follows a more detailed journey through Poland's history, which ends with the new times when Poland has become a member of NATO, the EU, and the Schengen area.
Furthermore, tourism today is described, and it concludes with a summary of nine of the country's largest tourist attractions.
This episode is dedicated to Ole Jensby, Copenhagen.
The Republic of Poland is a country in the central part of Europe. Poland has mainland borders to the west with Germany, to the south with the Czech Republic & Slovakia, to the east with Ukraine & Belarus, to the northeast with Lithuania & Russia (aka Kaliningrad), and the Baltic Sea to the north, where Poland has a sea border with Denmark and Sweden.
Area: 312,696 km² and thus the 9th largest country in Europe and the 69th largest country in the world.
Population: Approximately 40,000,000 (in 2023), which is the 33rd most populous country in the world.
Capital: Warsaw.
Language: Polish, one of the West Slavic languages. In addition, there are small groups who speak Yiddish, German, Kashubian, Belarusian, Ukrainian and Russian, as well as Romani (spoken by Roma).
Currency: Zloty (abbreviated as PLN). Banknotes: 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 Zloty. Coins: 1, 2 and 5 Zloty. 1 Zloty = 100 Groszy. Coins: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 Groszy.
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Poland's history is marked by the country's struggle for independence, resilience, and determination in the face of adversity. In the period from 1914 to the present day, Poland has undergone significant changes and challenges, including the destruction of the First World War, nationalism, and anti-Semitism, the horrors of the Second World War and the subsequent Soviet occupation.
During the First World War, Poland was occupied by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia. After the war, Poland restored its independence and became a sovereign state. However, this was short-lived as the country was invaded and occupied by Nazi Germany during World War II, leading to the deaths of millions of Poles, including Jews who were targeted for extermination.
After the war, Poland was liberated by the Soviet Union, and a communist government was established, leading to a period of political repression and economic hardship that lasted for several decades. In the 1980s, Poland was hit by a wave of protests and strikes led by the Solidarity movement demanding political reforms and greater freedoms. The government responded with violence, but the movement continued to grow in strength, leading to free elections in 1989 and the end of communist rule in Poland.
In 2004, Poland became a member of the European Union, which brought significant benefits such as access to a larger marketplace, increased investment, and greater political and economic integration with other countries in the region. Poland also became a member of the Schengen area, which has made travel within the EU much easier for Polish citizens and has helped promote greater cultural and economic exchange between Poland and other countries in the region.
However, Poland faces significant challenges in the early 2020s, including political polarization, threats to democratic institutions, and a growing sense of nationalism and xenophobia. The ruling Law and Justice Party (PiS) has been accused of undermining the independence of the courts and the media and of using xenophobic and anti-immigrant rhetoric to build support among its base. The government has also been criticised for its handling of the Covid-19 pandemic, which has led to a significant increase in cases and deaths in the country.
These challenges have led to tensions between Poland and the EU, leading to a number of conflicts and disputes. For example, the EU has raised concerns about the government's attacks on the courts and the independence of the media, and Poland has been threatened with sanctions if the situation does not improve. In addition, Poland's resistance to accepting refugees and immigrants has led to conflicts with other EU countries, and Poland has refused to participate in the EU's common migration policy.
Another challenge facing Poland is climate change. The country is still heavily dependent on coal, and the government has been reluctant to introduce ambitious climate targets and has even blocked the EU's goal of climate neutrality by 2050.
Finally, Poland has also seen an increase in nationalist and far-right movements, which have led to violent protests and attacks on minorities, including LGBT people. The government has also strengthened its control over the media and censored critical voices, leading to concerns about freedom of expression and democracy in the country.
By and large, Poland's history has been one of struggle and resistance against oppression and foreign powers. While the country has made significant progress since its restoration as a sovereign state in 1918 and achieved membership in the EU and Schengen, it faces significant challenges today, including political polarisation, threats to democratic institutions, and climate change, which will require determination and courage to overcome.
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In the following, the history of Poland is told in a more detailed version.
The presence of tribes and early cultures characterized the prehistoric era in Poland. They were mostly hunters and gatherers who lived off the land and depended on the natural resources for survival. Archaeological findings date some of the earliest evidence of human life in Poland to around 500,000 BC.
During the Peasant Age, around 4,000 BC, agricultural settlements began to be established in present-day Poland. These communities lived on agriculture and traded with neighbouring regions. Pottery-making became prominent during this period.
As these early cultures developed, they also developed different artistic styles that can still be found today in many archaeological artefacts. Intricate carvings on stone tools and figures, as well as decorations on clay containers, are examples of this.
All in all, these early cultures laid the foundation for future civilizations to flourish in Poland, and they greatly contributed to the country's rich history and cultural heritage.
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In mediaeval Poland, feudalism and Christianity were two dominant influences that shaped society. Feudalism was a socioeconomic organization that exchanged land for military service. The nobility controlled vast estates and the peasants who worked their land.
In the feudal system, there was the king, followed by nobles, lesser nobles, and finally peasants.
During this period, Christianity played an important role in shaping Polish culture. In 966 AD, Poland's first ruler, Mieszko I, converted to Christianity as part of his political strategy to unite his people and gain recognition from other European powers.
The Catholic Church became an important institution in Poland and greatly influenced all aspects of life.
During this period, the church also played an important role in promoting education throughout Poland. Monasteries were institutions of learning where monks taught boys from noble families reading, writing, and arithmetic. Girls were taught in convents or by private tutors employed by wealthy families. All in all, feudalism and Christianity had a significant impact on mediaeval Polish society and continue to define it today.
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In 1569, the Polish-Lithuanian Real Union was established, combining the two neighbouring nations and forming one of Europe's largest and most powerful countries. The negotiations between King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland and Grand Duke Stephen Báthory of Lithuania resulted in the creation of a commonwealth with a common parliament, military, judiciary, and foreign policy. This union brought stability to the region and allowed Poles and Lithuanians to exchange cultural ideas.
Poland-Lithuania increased its territory significantly under Commonwealth rule through conquests and alliances. Poland-Lithuania reached its peak as a European power during the reign of King John III Sobieski. It successfully defended against invasions from the Ottoman Empire twice during his reign, including winning the historic Battle of Vienna in 1683, which is considered one of the turning points in modern history.
But this development created tensions among the country's diverse population, leading to conflicts, including wars with Sweden, Russia, and the Ottomans, which significantly damaged the kingdom in the following years. Despite its eventual collapse, the Polish-Lithuanian Real Union remains an important chapter in European history for its contribution to regional and continental politics, culture, and society.
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Austria, Prussia, and Russia shared the Polish-Lithuanian Real Union. The first partition took place in 1772, when these powers took advantage of internal weaknesses in Poland to annex a large part of the country's land.
After this, a second partition occurred around 1793, and a new partition took place in 1795, reducing the extent of Poland on maps for almost a century.
Each power had different motives for dividing this area. Prussia wanted to advance control, while Austria chose to administer Galicia (not to be confused with Galicia in Spain) as a buffer zone against Ottoman Turkey. Meanwhile, Russia wanted to weaken Poland's political influence. The partition was met with opposition from many Poles, who saw it as an affront.
Despite their uprisings, Polish attempts to derail or end these partitions were futile.
The events near the partitions are not only a milestone in Poland's cultural history but also serve as an example of how authoritarian countries can use weaker countries to their advantage.
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During World War I, Poland was not a sovereign state but was divided into three parts. The Poles were conscripted into the Austro-Hungarian, Russian, and German armies to fight on different fronts.
However, despite this division, many Poles created underground organizations that fought to establish Polish independence during the war.
One of the most famous events associated with Poland during World War I was the Battle of Warsaw in 1914. During this battle, Russia and Germany fought for control of Warsaw, and Germany ultimately defeated Russia due to its superior military power. Nevertheless, Germany occupied Warsaw soon after and maintained its control over much of Poland during World War I.
World War I changed the state of Poland significantly, as the country became independent after a 100-year period under foreign rule. The Treaty of Versailles ensured an independent Polish state that reclaimed previously occupied territories.
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After the end of the war, as mentioned, Poland achieved its independence after a long period of foreign rule. This newfound independence proved to be a challenge for the new country, as the state faced many economic and political problems in the interwar period. The country was left devastated as a result of the war, and it required significant reconstruction to create an infrastructure from scratch.
Despite facing many obstacles, Poland worked to establish itself as a solid foundational nation. The government introduced reforms to improve agriculture, industry, education, and health care. Poland also improved its diplomatic status by signing non-aggression treaties with neighbouring countries.
The interwar period witnessed the rise of nationalist movements advocating Polish culture and identity. As part of this effort, nationalist movements proved instrumental in strengthening the public's sense of national pride and cohesion. The nation of Poland managed to weather these turbulent times and develop a strong foundation through which the country could expand its opportunities and fulfil its many goals for the future.
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Early on the morning of September 1, 1939, the German battleship Schleswig-Holstein, after a friendly visit to Gdańsk, launched an attack on the Westerplatte peninsula near Gdańsk, Poland. From an open window in the lighthouse on the opposite side of the river, a few minutes before, shots had been fired aimed at the Polish bastion at Westerplatte.
This effectively marked the beginning of World War II, which would eventually claim millions of lives in and outside of Europe. The Polish defenders of Westerplatte fought valiantly against overwhelming odds, but they were eventually forced to surrender after seven days of intense fighting, and much to the surprise of the Germans, the Poles had no underground passages to use in the defence of the Westerplatte bastion. This relationship makes the seven days of fighting completely unique from a Polish perspective.
The importance of Westerplatte cannot be overstated, as it was, as mentioned, the first battle of a war that would change the course of history forever. This battle was significant as it marked the beginning of one of the deadliest conflicts in human history.
During World War II, Nazi Germany occupied Poland and implemented policies aimed at eliminating the Polish people and culture. The occupation meant that millions of Poles were driven from their homes, and many were forced into labour camps or concentration camps. The Nazis also systematically murdered millions of Jews in Poland during what is now remembered as the Holocaust.
Resistance movements arose against the Nazi occupation, including the Polish Underground State, which coordinated acts of sabotage and gathered intelligence to support the Allied effort. Despite these efforts, Polish civilians suffered greatly under Nazi rule, and widespread starvation and disease afflicted those who remained in their homes. It was not until 1945, when Soviet forces liberated Poland, that the country was finally freed from Nazi control.
Today, Poland remembers its war history through memorials and museums such as the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, which serves as a poignant reminder of the atrocities committed during the Nazi occupation. While it cannot take away the pain and suffering that so many experienced, it serves as a symbol of hope for a brighter future where such horrors are never repeated.
Today, Westerplatte remains an important historical site with a museum dedicated to telling the story of this defining moment in world history. It serves as a reminder that, while wars may start small, they can have devastating consequences if left unchecked.
On Westerplatte, a large sign has been erected with a Polish text roughly translated to: "Never more war!"
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After World War II, Poland underwent a dramatic transformation from a communist nation to a democracy. Soviet forces occupied the country and installed a communist government that lasted until 1989. During this period, Poland experienced economic stagnation, political oppression, and censorship.
In the 1970s and 1980s, however, social unrest and opposition movements began to emerge.
The Solidarity (aka Solidarność) movement led by Lech Wałęsa, to which we will return, played a decisive role in the fall of communism in 1989. It paved the way for democratic reforms that enabled free elections and market-oriented economic policies.
The transformation from a communist nation to a democracy began with the striking shipyard workers in Gdańsk. Under communist rule, they could only communicate to the outside world what the strike was about by listing their 21 demands on a wooden plaque that was lifted up and displayed at the gate of the shipyard's entrance.
The 21 demands of the strikers at the Lenin Shipyard in Gdańsk played a central role in the transition from communism to democracy in post-war Poland. Workers at the shipyard demanded better working conditions, higher wages, and the right to form independent trade unions, sparking a wave of protests and many strikes across the country. This led to negotiations between representatives of the government and the workers, which culminated in an agreement, known as the Gdańsk Agreement on August 31, 1980.
The Gdańsk Agreement made significant concessions to workers, including freedom of speech and the press, independent unions with the right to collective bargaining, and political amnesty for those involved in strikes. It was short-lived, however, as General Wojciech Jaruzelski imposed martial law on December 13, 1981. The imposition of martial law led to widespread arrests of Solidarity activists and other opponents of the communist regime.
Despite this setback, Solidarity remained active underground throughout the state of emergency until its legalization again in April 1989. In June of the same year, partially free elections were held, which resulted in a victory for Solidarity candidates, leading to Tadeusz Mazowiecki becoming Poland's first non-communist prime minister since World War II, marking a historic turning point for Polish democracy.
Already in December 1970, Lech Wałęsa, who was born in 1943 and was trained as an electrician, was one of the leading figures in the conflict between the government and the shipyard workers in Gdańsk.
In 1978, together with other activists, he began organizing workers into free, non-communist trade unions, creating the basis for Solidarność (meaning solidarity), the first independent trade union in the Soviet bloc.
In August 1980, he was the leader of the strike among the shipyard workers at the Lenin Shipyard in Gdańsk.
In December 1981, a state of emergency was imposed, and Lech Wałęsa was arrested.
He was not released until November 1982.
Lech Wałęsa received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983.
Lech Wałęsa was later elected President of Poland from 1990 to 1995, and as these lines are being written, he has his own office on one floor of the modern and exciting museum, the European Solidarity Centre, now located on the site that formerly housed the Lenin Shipyard in Gdańsk.
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In 1999, Poland became a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, aka NATO, along with several other former Soviet bloc countries. Poland's membership in NATO has been crucial for the nation's security because the country borders Russia in the form of Kaliningrad to the northeast.
However, Poland's relationship with the EU has been more complex than its relationship with NATO.
From 2004 onwards, Poland, now a member of the European Union (EU), has been among the largest recipients of funds and enjoys the benefits of membership, including unlimited access to the EU market. Poland's non-liberal government has disagreements with the rest of the EU, particularly on issues such as migration and the independence of the courts.
Poland is also a member of the Schengen Area, a zone in Europe that allows free movement that facilitates trade and travel between, at the moment, 27 European nations. Membership of the zone has been important for Poles seeking educational or employment opportunities due to the Schengen agreement, but it also means that border controls are managed by other states, which can lead to tensions when security threats or migration crises are perceived.
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In recent years, Poland has become an increasingly popular destination for tourists. The country is known for its rich history, stunning architecture, vibrant culture, and natural beauty. Visitors can explore Warsaw, Wrocław and the charming mediaeval cities of Kraków and Gdańsk, as well as hike in the Tatra Mountains or relax in Sopot on the Baltic Sea coast. Poland also houses several UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including the historic Wieliczka Salt Mine and the stunning mediaeval city of Torun.
Despite its many attractions, some travellers may wonder if it is safe to travel to Poland. Like many other countries, Poland has been affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, and travellers should be aware of any restrictions or requirements that may be in place.
In addition, Poland, like many other countries in Europe, has experienced an increase in terrorist threats in recent years, and tourists should exercise caution and be aware of their surroundings, especially in crowded public places.
However, Poland is generally considered a safe destination for tourists, and the country has a well-developed tourism industry with a wealth of accommodations, restaurants, and attractions for almost any budget.
Travellers to Poland can expect a warm welcome and a rich cultural experience, whether they're exploring the country's history and architecture, enjoying the country's natural beauty, or simply soaking up the lively atmosphere of the cities.
With its stunning scenery, fascinating history and culture, friendly people, and affordable prices compared to other popular destinations in Europe, Poland will continue to be an attractive country to visit for travellers seeking unique experiences. As tourism continues to grow in Poland, it will undoubtedly play a crucial role in economic development in the coming years.
While these lines are being written, it is highly recommended to plan City Breaks and weekend getaways in Poland.
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1. Kraków:
This historic city and former capital is located in southern Poland. It is a popular destination for City Breaks and weekend getaways thanks to the beautiful old town with Gothic architecture and a rich cultural heritage.
2. Warsaw:
A popular destination for City Breaks and weekend getaways, Poland's capital is a vibrant and dynamic place to visit with a thriving art scene, world-class museums, a cosy old town centre, and a fascinating history.
3. Gdańsk:
Gdańsk is a historic city with a beautiful old town, charming cafes, picturesque canals, and not least Westerplatte and the European Solidarity Centre.
4. Wrocław:
Wrocław is known as the "Venice of Poland" because of the many bridges over the river Oder. It is a charming city with a fantastic mediaeval town centre, colourful buildings, and a lively student population. The city centre includes a lot of hidden sculptures of dwarves.
5. Zakopane:
Located in the Tatra Mountains, Zakopane is a popular ski resort for locals with stunning views, traditional wooden architecture, and plenty of outdoor activities.
6. Malbork Castle:
This impressive castle complex in northern Poland is the largest brick castle in the world and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
7. Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum:
This bare-bones museum complex near Kraków is worth a visit for anyone interested in learning more about the atrocities of the Holocaust.
8. Wieliczka Salt Mine:
This fascinating underground complex near Kraków features amazing salt sculptures, underground lakes, and even a chapel made entirely of salt.
9. Toruń:
Known for its charming Old Town and Gothic architecture, this picturesque city in northern Poland is the birthplace of astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus.
Well, these are just 9 of the many wonderful destinations Poland has to offer. Whether you are interested in history, culture, or outdoor adventures, there is something for everyone in this fascinating country.
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In this podcast series from HvOnAir, several episodes are planned with travel tips for City Breaks and weekend getaways in Poland, and the episodes will currently cover at least the following exciting cities: Wrocław, Warsaw, Kraków and Gdańsk, all of which are obvious targets for City Breaks and weekend getaways.
Thanks for listening, and please stay tuned for Episode 2, with Wrocław as the topic.
This episode is dedicated to my friend since high school, Ole Jensby, Copenhagen, in my humble acknowledgment of the countless good and exciting travel experiences we have had together over the decades.
THANK YOU my friend!
Links:
Enjoy this podcast series in Danish: https://podopshost.com/europa
EASY travel planning 24/7 on the website: Book24h.online
Welcome to this travel podcast series that primarily focuses on providing inspiration to make you want to explore parts of Europe on your own.
This can be in the form of weekend getaways, City Breaks, and holidays.
If you are looking for perfect ideas for a refreshing change from the familiar landscape, Join us on this journey through the countries of Europe to exciting capitals and many fascinating cities and different destinations.
In other words, it leads to places with their own compelling stories to share and experience.
The journey begins in Poland (in Episode 1), where we visit Wroclaw (in Episode 2).
This podcast series will at some point be linked to a website where additional images, videos and current content related to the visited countries, capitals, major cities, and other destinations will be exposed.
In addition, it will be possible to carry out EASY travel planning on the website, including booking of: Flights, accommodations, airport transportation, car rentals, as well as booking visiting times and admissions to attractions.
You begin the journey by adding an episode to the playlist now.
Then, relax, listen, and enjoy this virtual tour of several of Europe's countries and fascinating cities that have one thing in common: they are ideal for weekend getaways, City Breaks, and holidays.
This podcast series is also published in Danish; however, I cannot pronounce the name of the series! Fortunately, the name of the Danish podcast appears at the end of the description.
Are you interested in a sponsorship? Then the contact option appears at the end of the description.
Enjoy this podcast series!
Links:
Enjoy this podcast series in Danish: https://podopshost.com/europa
EASY travel planning 24/7 on the website: Book24h.online