In recent days, geology in the United States has taken the spotlight with the U.S. Geological Survey publishing its final 2025 list of critical minerals on November sixth. This list identifies sixty minerals deemed essential for the nation’s economy and security, with a focus on potential supply chain disruptions. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, new additions to the list include boron, copper, lead, metallurgical coal, phosphate, potash, rhenium, silicon, silver, and uranium. The update reflects new data, feedback, and changing industrial and geopolitical needs. Mineral security has become increasingly significant as rare earth elements, vital for smartphones, hard drives, and advanced defense systems, continue to be largely imported.

This renewed attention on critical minerals comes as researchers highlight the need to develop more domestic sources and reduce dependency on imports. The U.S. Geological Survey emphasizes that rare earth elements could cause the highest cost to the American economy if their supply is disrupted. American Critical Minerals, an industry group, welcomed the inclusion of potash and lithium due to their importance for fertilizers and batteries.

Continuing in geological developments, the summit eruption at Kīlauea in Hawaii remains active. The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory reported that by November thirteenth, the eruption had reached thirty-six episodes of lava fountaining since it began in December of last year. These ongoing volcanic events allow scientists to study eruption dynamics and gas emissions, informing not only local hazard assessments but also global models of volcanic activity.

Elsewhere, landmark geology research was highlighted in reports from ScienceDaily. On November fourteenth, researchers in Greenland used advanced fiber-optic technology to track how iceberg calving produces hidden underwater waves. These waves rapidly melt glacier faces and are reshaping our understanding of ice loss and rising sea levels. Meanwhile, scientists in Antarctica recently analyzed six million-year-old ice, providing the oldest direct record of Earth’s ancient atmosphere and climate. This discovery details dramatic cooling trends and offers vital clues to greenhouse gas variations over the ages.

Seismic activity continues to be a pressing topic. ScienceDaily notes new research into the triggers of earthquakes in regions once thought stable, such as Utah. Studies reveal that long-dormant faults may reactivate due to natural processes and human activities. In the Pacific Northwest, seismic data show the oceanic plate breaking into fragments, forming microplates and suggesting a slow, stepwise collapse of the subduction zone. This could have implications for earthquake preparedness and hazard estimation throughout the American West.

Internationally, geologists gathered in Zaragoza, Spain from November fifth to seventh for the fifth International Professional Geology Conference. Attendees discussed pressing challenges, including geological hazards, mineral sustainability, and professional development. This global knowledge exchange highlights the interconnected nature of geoscience, as the United States and other nations respond to evolving resource risks and natural hazards.

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