Join us for an in-depth discussion on key respiratory physiology and pathology topics. In this episode, we break down the mechanisms behind COPD, the physiology of airway obstruction in asthma exacerbations, and how acid-base balance is affected in respiratory disease. We also explore the pathophysiology of ARDS and its impact on lung compliance, review how to calculate and interpret the A–a gradient, and unpack the underlying defects in Kartagener syndrome. Perfect for medical students, residents, or anyone looking to strengthen their understanding of pulmonary physiology and clinical correlations.