In this episode, we take a deep dive into non–anion gap metabolic acidosis (NAGMA) and renal tubular acidosis (RTA)—topics that are high-yield for exams and essential for clinical reasoning. We break down the different types of RTA (Type I, II, and IV), walk through the full differential diagnosis for NAGMA, and explain how to distinguish these entities using labs you’re likely to see on test day. You’ll also learn the core treatment strategies for each type of RTA and review classic associations and buzzwords that commonly show up on board questions. Whether you’re studying for exams or solidifying your acid–base fundamentals, this episode will help you turn a confusing topic into a clear, testable framework.
Chest pain can range from benign to immediately life-threatening, and missing the dangerous causes can be fatal. In this episode, we break down the 6 deadly causes of chest pain every clinician must recognize: acute coronary syndrome (ACS), pulmonary embolism (PE), esophageal perforation, aortic dissection, pericardial tamponade, and tension pneumothorax.
We walk through how each condition presents, the key physiologic mechanisms driving the symptoms, and the high-yield clues to look out for. Using a practical, bedside approach, we compare management strategies in stable vs. unstable patients, highlighting when to slow down for diagnostics and when to act immediately.
Whether you’re in the ED, ICU, on the wards, or preparing for exams, this episode ties pathophysiology directly to decision-making, helping you recognize red flags, prioritize interventions, and avoid catastrophic misses.
Join us for an in-depth discussion on key respiratory physiology and pathology topics. In this episode, we break down the mechanisms behind COPD, the physiology of airway obstruction in asthma exacerbations, and how acid-base balance is affected in respiratory disease. We also explore the pathophysiology of ARDS and its impact on lung compliance, review how to calculate and interpret the A–a gradient, and unpack the underlying defects in Kartagener syndrome. Perfect for medical students, residents, or anyone looking to strengthen their understanding of pulmonary physiology and clinical correlations.
In this episode, we dive into inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and autoimmune conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract. We break down the key differences and overlaps between Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis (UC), and explore how chronic inflammation can impact nutrient absorption (especially vitamin B12 deficiency). We also discuss primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a serious autoimmune liver condition often associated with UC, and why early recognition and monitoring matter.
Whether you’re living with IBD, supporting someone who is, or looking to better understand the autoimmune processes behind these conditions, this episode offers clear explanations, clinical insight, and practical takeaways.