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The Catholic Thing
The Catholic Thing
60 episodes
20 hours ago
The Catholic Thing is a daily column rooted in the richest cultural tradition in the world, i.e., the concrete historical reality of Catholicism.
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Christianity
Education,
Religion & Spirituality,
News,
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The Catholic Thing is a daily column rooted in the richest cultural tradition in the world, i.e., the concrete historical reality of Catholicism.
Show more...
Christianity
Education,
Religion & Spirituality,
News,
News Commentary
Episodes (20/60)
The Catholic Thing
Freedom in the Ties That Bind
We Americans have a thing about freedom. We didn't invent freedom – even in the limited sense of political freedom – though we sometimes like to think (and occasionally act) as though we have an unbreakable monopoly on it. Land of the free, and all that.
Still, the American difference where freedom is concerned is not a difference in human nature. The deepest wellsprings of American freedom are not ours by virtue of being American but by virtue of our being human. And if there is a genius in our political traditions, it lies in a remarkable political system that we have not devised ourselves but only inherited.
Citizenship always has a custodial character to it. We are responsible for the maintenance and transmission of something precious we did not create. For most Americans, our citizenship is not even something we chose; we were born to it. You might even say that, for most Americans, the rights and responsibilities of citizenship were imposed upon us at birth. Not all impositions are unjust; some impositions are tremendous gifts.
Gifts can be taken for granted. Complacency and entitlement can slowly, even imperceptibly, choke out the virtues necessary for self-government. For a people to be free, they must be willing and capable of living freely.
And so the Church has always insisted that true freedom is more than the unfettered exercise of the will. Such freedom is not worthy of the name. It is a false freedom, which the ancients knew to be slavishness, however veiled by power it may be. This same false freedom, a disobedient freedom, alienates us from one another and from God as the third chapter of Genesis makes clear.
The Christian faith insists on another way to freedom, not through power, pride or mastery, but through obedience. Jesus himself lays this out plainly in the Gospel of John:
Jesus then said to those Jews who believed in him, "If you remain in my word, you will truly be my disciples, and you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free." They answered him, "We are descendants of Abraham and have never been enslaved to anyone. How can you say, 'You will become free'?"
Jesus answered them, "Amen, amen, I say to you, everyone who commits sin is a slave of sin."

Many modern popes have warned about the consequences of divorcing freedom from truth, making it one of the perennial themes of Catholic social teaching, from Pope Leo XIII right through to today. As John Paul II wrote in 1991, the teachings of Leo XIII:
called attention to the essential bond between human freedom and truth, so that freedom which refused to be bound to the truth would fall into arbitrariness and end up submitting itself to the vilest of passions, to the point of self-destruction. Indeed, what is the origin of all the evils to which Rerum novarum wished to respond, if not a kind of freedom which, in the area of economic and social activity, cuts itself off from the truth about man?"
It goes without saying that this "truth about man," to which our freedom is so intimately tied, has implications that extend far beyond questions of how we ought to order our economic, political, or social activity. Indeed, it has implications that go well beyond what we might ordinarily think of as ethical or moral considerations.
The "truth about man" proclaimed by the Church includes innumerable fundamental realities: that we are created and loved by God; that we exist as a union of mortal body and immortal soul; that we share a nature with the Second Person of the Holy Trinity who suffered and died to save us from sin; that we exist within and experience time and space; that we are both dependent upon and responsible to others; that we are contingent beings who are profoundly shaped by both our surroundings and our own actions; and so on.
Some of these truths, like the Incarnation, are known through revelation. Some of them are so plainly obvious through ordinary experience that it is almost impossible to imagine how they might be otherwise (e...
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1 day ago
6 minutes 13 seconds

The Catholic Thing
Eternal Precepts for Navigating Newfangled Things
by David G. Bonagura, Jr.
What hysteria-creating, Wall Street-swirling, media-obsessing New Thing awaits us in 2026? It was COVID in 2020, ChatGPT in 2022, Generative AI in 2023, DOGE in 2025. The next New Thing is anyone's guess, but if it is like its predecessors, it will consume our attention and generate fresh anxieties over how it will upend our lives.
Today, we rarely perceive these Newfangled Things as trials sent by God to test our fidelity, and certainly not as chastisement for sin. The New Testament God, we are told, is too loving for that.
Such enlightened theories are at odds with St. Augustine, who argued vehemently in The City of God that God sends trials to the good and the evil alike, not because He is vengeful, but because He has ordained suffering as a means for spiritual growth. During the "universal catastrophe" that was the fall of the Roman Empire, Augustine asserted that "the sufferings of Christians have tended to their moral improvement, because they viewed them with the eyes of faith." (I.9)
As Newfangled Things became part of ordinary life, we learn that they are no different from Any Other Thing. What they do for us, and to us, depends on our attitudes toward them and how we use them. They may well be trials or chastisements – if not for our culture, then for some of us as individuals. Negative outcomes, alas, are likely: new things come to be in a world weakened by sin and are destined for human beings inclined toward selfishness. A New Thing promised to make our lives better, paradoxically and simultaneously can undermine them.
Augustine, advising citizens of the Heavenly City still here on earth how to navigate the world's most recent problems, did not appeal to technology or influencers. Rather, he offered eternal advice from the Bible, which contains the tools his contemporaries needed most. He listed them in Book XV.6:
1. "Bear one another's burdens, and so fulfil the law of Christ." (Galatians 6:2)
2. "Admonish the idle, encourage the fainthearted, help the weak, be patient with them all. See that none of you repays evil for evil." (1 Thessalonians 5:14-15)
3. "If a man is overtaken in any trespass, you who are spiritual should restore him in a spirit of gentleness. Look to yourself, lest you too be tempted." (Galatians 6:1)
4. "Do not let the sun go down on your anger." (Ephesians 4:26)
5. "If your brother sins against you, go and tell him his fault, between you and him alone." (Matthew 18:15)
6. "As for those who persist in sin, rebuke them in the presence of all, so that the rest may stand in fear." (1 Timothy 5:20)

These Scripture verses command three types of action: self-regulation, moral correction of others, and forgiveness. Only the first, in the form of dieting or exercise, has hope of making a twenty-first-century New Year's resolution list. But the great Bishop of Hippo saw what we, consumed with the world, cannot: "So many precepts are given about mutual forgiveness and the great care needed for the maintenance of peace" because without them "no one will be able to see God."
To see God is the purpose of our existence. All other things, including the great goods of family, of religious life, of charity, are ordered to this. Self-regulation, moral correction, and forgiveness, writes Augustine, are "how the citizens of the City of God are restored to health while on pilgrimage on this earth, as they sigh for their Heavenly Country."
Newfangled Things tend to work in the opposite direction and therefore can be dangerous: their shiny allure draws us into them. In our desire for them, we look away from God and His Commandments. So went Adam and Eve before the Tree in Eden, so go we before the latest New Thing. In pulling us away from God, Newfangled Things do not generate peace, a fruit of the Spirit that allows us to see God. They create angst in the soul. When angst reigns, God feels absent, for the anxious, albeit unwittingly, have set themselves up in God's place.
How can we re...
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2 days ago
6 minutes 39 seconds

The Catholic Thing
A Consistory to Revitalize the College of Cardinals
By Daniel B. Gallagher
During a decade of service at the Vatican Secretariat of State, I was constantly perplexed by the Holy See's unwillingness or inability to utilize already existing ecclesial structures for effective governance. As the Cardinals meet in Rome over the next few days, it's worth taking a hard look at some recent ways in which the Church has been operating.
A financial problem? Establish a new commission to solve it. Then create another one to oversee the work of that one.
A question about deaconesses? Appoint a group of experts to study it (2014). Then appoint another to study it again (2020), all the while ignoring the International Theological Commission's comprehensive study on the permanent diaconate in 2002.
Perhaps most baffling was Pope Francis's establishment of a "Pontifical Commission for Reference on the Organization of the Economic-Administrative Structure of the Holy See," a body designated to collaborate with a Council of Cardinals that had already been crafted by his predecessor Benedict XVI.
Ballooning bureaucracy is a sure sign of organizational dysfunction, something the Roman Curia has suffered from for years. One way of curtailing it is to reinvigorate the very body whose canonical purpose is to "assist the Roman Pontiff. . .in the daily care of the universal Church." (Code of Canon Law, 349)
There are two reasons for the underutilization of the College of Cardinals: (1) a lack of appreciation for the connection between the occasional task of the College of Cardinals in electing a new pontiff and its ongoing role of assisting him in the daily care of the universal Church; and (2) a misconception of what constitute "serious questions" (quaestiones maioris momenti) and "grave affairs" (graviora negotia).
Regarding the first, non-residential Cardinals (i.e., those not assigned to permanent curial positions in Rome) understandably find it frustrating when their role of caring for the universal Church is limited to casting ballots in the Sistine Chapel. It would be reasonable for them to expect some follow-through so that they can accompany the man they've chosen in the work of implementing the vision they expressed for the Church during the General Congregations preceding the Conclave.
As for residential Cardinals, I always found it odd that the Holy Father "grants" them audiences in a way no less formal than any other visitor he happens to receive. The Holy See's daily bulletin announces consultations with heads of dicasteries, as if the pope were meeting a run-of-the-mill ambassador or some external dignitary.
The Cardinals' consultative role could be exercised more efficiently – if not more pleasantly and fraternally – through occasional phone calls and lunch meetings. The Holy Father should have the numbers of all 252 Cardinals saved in his cellphone contacts, and each of them should have a direct line to him. It would be a healthy step toward the kind of collegiality that could underpin whatever synodality he has in mind. I have anxious memories of escorting lost Cardinals through the Apostolic Palace as they hopelessly tried to find whatever office they were supposed to visit that day.

The second problem is a gross overestimation of what constitutes a "serious question" or "grave affair" (cf. canons 349 and 352). When I worked in the Curia, I took that to mean practically anything that couldn't be routinely resolved through the policies and procedures of the Roman Curia.
Yet every time I suggested that some specific matter would best be handled by a Consistory, my colleagues would dismiss it as not "serious" or "grave" enough. In their minds, "serious" or "grave" meant sexual abuse, financial fraud, or public scandal. In my mind, it meant anything worth consulting your closest collaborators about, precisely because they know better than you how to treat it.
From my experience in the Secretariat of State, non-residential Cardinals were always a step ahead and could have prevented maj...
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3 days ago
6 minutes 17 seconds

The Catholic Thing
For Cardinals in Consistory This Week: Mending Wall
By Robert Royal
Pope Leo has summoned the world's Cardinals to a Consistory this week, a return to normal practice that was mostly sidelined for the past dozen years in favor of "synodal" gatherings. So now that the Jubilee Year has concluded, the current pope is doing something new – and old – in any event, a departure from his predecessor's ways, in the very first days of 2026. What might that mean?
A Consistory is an opportunity for Cardinals to be real collaborators with the Holy Father, to speak with him – and with one another – about a globe-spanning divine mission. What they discuss and how it influences Leo's papacy can set the course of the Church over the next decade and more. And there's much that needs saying, and let's pray will be, beyond the tired journalistic obsessions with immigration, climate, LGBTs, women. Because a chilling question faces us, pointedly now, which a Certain Person raised long ago: "But when the Son of Man comes [again], will he find faith on earth?"
Christianity in various forms won't disappear from the world any time soon. But the full truth of faith, the one that saints and doctors, missionaries, martyrs, and confessors have labored and suffered and died for, is teetering. This, of course, for many reasons, not least that it is attacked, both inside and out, by people who wish it ill.
We shouldn't avert our eyes from this fact. It was unfortunate (in the present Christian's view) that the Holy Father said in the closing days of the Jubilee Year: "Christians have no enemies, only brothers and sisters." We understand what he intended, of course, and can even second that, in a way. But it's true only at a very high level of abstraction, and not the whole, which is to say the Catholic, truth. Failure to follows the whole truth leads, as we've seen since Vatican II's virtual abandonment of the notion of the Church Militant, to misreading the world we're living in, with disastrous effects.
When Voltaire famously said Écrasez l'infâme, it was far from the beginning – or the end – of hatred of the Catholic Faith. The French Revolution and its totalitarian offshoots demonstrated that. In the Sermon on the Mount no less, Jesus taught, "love your enemies [ekthrus]." (Matthew 5:44-45) Even before Christ was born, Zechariah, invoked much earlier Hebrew wisdom:
Through His holy prophets He promised of old
That He would save us from our enemies [ekthron],
From the hands of all who hate us.
Pope Leo's spiritual father, St. Augustine, wisely wrote, "That your enemies have been created is God's doing; that they hate you and wish to ruin you is their own doing. What should you say about them in your mind? 'Lord be merciful to them, forgive them their sins, put the fear of God in them, change them!'"
And of course, as any true Christian should believe, there's THE Enemy – who hates God and tempted Eve to bring ruin on the whole human race.

So the whole Judeo-Christian tradition – no less than ordinary human experience – tells us that we do and will have enemies, whether we want to acknowledge that or not. And we should not only pray for them, but take strong steps – in ways that St. Augustine was crucial in helping the Church and the whole Western world to think out via just-war theory.
We have a duty, for instance, to prevent harm to individual Christians and others (thousands have died recently in Nigeria, in addition to several other nations); or to churches (France is currently losing two religious buildings to arson per month); or to the very presence of the Christians throughout the world, especially in places like China, Nicaragua, Venezuela, and Muslim-dominated nations, about which the Vatican remains largely silent.
So here's a simple proposal that might stimulate cardinatianal thinking at this time of Consistory. Pope Francis starkly claimed that we should be building bridges not walls. A bridge is a good thing – in its proper place. But so are walls, because we may wish to "live at peace with...
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4 days ago
6 minutes 18 seconds

The Catholic Thing
'Nations shall walk by your light'
By Rev. Peter M.J. Stravinskas
As should be obvious by now, the Solemnity of the Epiphany (celebrated in the Extraordinary Form and in all the Eastern Churches on January 6 and on January 4 in the United States this year in the Ordinary Form) is the day for the Gentiles at the Crib. Mary and Joseph represent believing Jews; Herod, stiff-necked or faithless Jews; the wise men, Gentiles with open minds and open hearts. A charming, ancient legend says that these wise men actually became the first Christian missionaries, their efforts meeting with both success and failure as they encountered both belief and unbelief among the Gentiles to whom they preached.
Surely, the point of this celebration is that "the Gentiles are now co-heirs with the Jews," but how does this happen? St. Paul gives the answer: "Through the preaching of the Gospel." If the barrier between Jew and Gentile is to be broken down, it will happen as both are brought into contact with the saving truth of Jesus Christ. That occurs through the process of evangelization, the sharing of the Good News, the Gospel. The day's solemnity, then, would have us reflect on the awesome task of evangelizing the world.
Therefore, a fundamental concern of the Church in every age must be the spread of the Gospel. For that very reason, the Fathers of the Second Vatican Council (appropriately enough), taught: "The Church on earth is by its very nature missionary" [Ad Gentes n. 2]. This truth was highlighted some years later in Pope Paul VI's landmark exhortation, Evangelii nuntiandi. It is important to keep that fact in sharp focus because it is one of the distinguishing characteristics of Catholicism.
Judaism, for instance, has no interest as such in making converts; they are not turned away, to be sure, but it is not a major thrust of that religious tradition. Nor is it so for the various Eastern religions, like Buddhism or Shintoism or Taoism. Even Eastern Orthodoxy and most of mainstream Protestantism have not had an evangelistic drive to them. What makes us different? Nothing less than taking Christ at His word in His great commission: "Go, therefore, and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you." (Matthew 28:19).
And from Epiphany's Magi to the modern missionaries, the Gospel has been shared and taken root on every continent. Thus, Germany has Boniface and Ireland Patrick. And 500 years ago, the so-called New World received the great blessing of being put into contact with the saving message of Jesus Christ through the selfless labors of dedicated clergy and religious.
Evangelization, however, is not a work of the past; nor is it the responsibility of a chosen few; nor is it restricted to what we generally consider to be "mission territories." On the contrary, evangelization is the obligation and privilege of every baptized Christian at all times and in all places. Indeed, Pope John Paul called for a "new evangelization" aimed primarily at those lands which were among the first to hear and accept the Gospel, but who have regrettably strayed from it through indifference or secularization. Certainly, this theme has been stressed at all the continental synods of the John Paul era.

In 1990, the Holy Father gave the Church the gift of an encyclical entitled Redemptoris missio, on the permanent validity of the Church's missionary mandate. Why was that encyclical needed? A look at the topics reveals the answer. Many people in the Church, through a confused and confusing form of ecumenism, had come to the position that one religion is as good as another and, therefore, that no one should attempt to bring anyone else into the Catholic Church.
Most astounding of all, however, was that many full-time missionaries had bought into that mentality, reducing themselves, their work, and the Church to mere conveyers of social services at best or political and even vio...
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5 days ago
5 minutes 29 seconds

The Catholic Thing
Bishops, I Beg You, Take Heed
By Anthony Esolen
My wife likes well-made and handsome objects for the house, so whenever I look for gifts to give her, I go to antique stores, or to stores selling unwanted objects from estate sales. Even if it's only a box for trinkets, I make sure it's joined with dovetails and not with cheap little nails that work loose. Bakelite, for old kitchen utensils, is better than plastic; it's a little heavier, and it acquires a mellow toning over the years. We have landscape paintings in oil pastels, framed behind that sort of old-style glass that makes it seem as if a window were opened into a world beyond.
I might say the same thing about books and their covers. For I do judge books that way. You must, when you come upon a lot of shelves and you don't have all day to scan the books one by one. I judge by the garish covers that began to prevail in the 1960's, sometimes for good books but far more often for garbage – think of the latest slapdash book ghost-written for the latest forgettable politician.
Old books aren't like that. That doesn't mean they were all good. It does mean, from my experience, that they at least were not stupid. Even the old Doubleday Image series of Catholic classics, once the 1970s come along, suffers a collapse in quality, made evident by a cheap and banal flashiness in the covers. It is like what happened to dimes and quarters after 1964, in the change from silver to the zinc-copper sandwich. Silver has a milky-white and sober sheen, and a silver coin rings when you spin it on a table. Zinc has a flat gray glare. It does not ring. It clanks.
For the sake of art, the revision of the Mass after Vatican II could not have come at a worse time. By now, many people have come to value what came before the great flattening, whether in music or art or architecture, or even in humble household utensils and the look of your backyard garden. But in those days? I am reminded of the satire on high modern nonsense in the comedy, The Odd Couple. Felix gets rid of Oscar's old homely furniture and replaces it with minimalism and absurdity. One of the pieces is a chair shaped like an open palm, with a thumb for the armrest and four fingers for the back.
I can spend all afternoon in a room with old books, not because they are old, but because most of them will be real books. I can take my time. They do not drum noise into my head. I cannot spend more than a couple of minutes in a room full of books with those glaring covers, whose contents will usually be just as garish, cheap, and loud.

I can sit at a piano for an hour and play old hymns, their lyrics written by people for whom the tradition of English poetry was ever present, a formative and continuing influence in their lives. I cannot do so with hymns whose poetry is cheap, clumsy, and sometimes stupidly heretical. "Abide with Me," composed by Henry Lyte a few days before he died, indeed abides with me, and if I am conscious during my own last hours, I hope to pray in his words, "Hold thou thy Cross before my closing eyes." It is a better line than any written for any Catholic hymn in the last sixty years.
What puts me in mind of this? Christmas does; not the feast, but the translation of the prologue of John, the Gospel reading for the Mass during the day. I often pray that prologue at night, as the old translators have nobly rendered it, building up to that grand and mysterious revelation: "But to as many as did receive him, he gave power to become children of God, who believed in his name: who were born not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God. And the Word was made flesh and dwelt among us."
Do I understand those words? That depends on what we mean by understanding. They are not meant to be understood as if they were a medical report, nor can I fix their meaning in a single interpretation. Such is the case with all great poetry. I can go where Shakespeare directs my mind and heart when he says that Love "bears it out even t...
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6 days ago
5 minutes 51 seconds

The Catholic Thing
The Mother of God, Virgin in the Act of Giving Birth
By Michael Pakaluk
Did the Virgin Mary suffer the trauma of labor and its pains? Not a few preachers at Christmas Mass speak as if Mary did. But a long tradition in the Church presents a very different picture.
First, what does Scripture say?
"She gave birth to her son, the first-born, and wrapped him in swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger." (Luke 2:7). As the Catholic Encyclopedia observes, such language implies that Mary did not go through ordinary labor. Moms after labor are not in a position to stand up, get swaddling clothes, wrap their baby, and walk across the room to place him in a manger. Others must do this for them. Joseph is conspicuously not mentioned.
Luke also changes his language, from Elizabeth's case to Mary's. The change is not easy to see in English. He says about Elizabeth that "the time for Elizabeth to carry was completed, and she begat (egennēsen) a son" (1:57), using a word which means that this son sprang from her. But about Mary, Luke writes: "the time for her to carry was completed, and she bore (eteken) her son" (2:7), using a softer and ambiguous word, which in Greek is used for the gestation as well as parturition.
Besides, there are words in Greek for labor (see Matthew 24:8, Galatians 4:19). Wouldn't Luke the physician have deliberately employed these words, if Mary went through labor? For clearly, her labor would have been significant.
Then there are the Old Testament passages interpreted by the Fathers to mean that Mary's virginity was a like a gate, or a wall, through which nothing went in or out.

Consider Ezekiel, 44:2: "And the Lord said to me, 'This gate shall remain shut; it shall not be opened, and no one shall enter by it; for the Lord, the God of Israel, has entered by it; therefore, it shall remain shut.'" Of this verse, St. Ambrose says (Letter 42):
Why is it hard to believe that Mary gave birth in a way contrary to the law of natural birth and remained a virgin, when contrary to the law of nature the sea looked at Him and fled, and the waters of the Jordan returned to their source. . . It is not past belief that a man came from a virgin when a rock bubbled forth a flowing stream, iron floated on water, a man walked upon the waters. If the waters bore a man, could not a virgin give birth to a man [hominem virgo generare]?
The mode of birthing for a virgin bearing the God-man must be miraculous, St. Ambrose insists, just as her mode of conception of the God-man is miraculous.
Or consider Song of Songs, 4:12: "A garden locked is my sister, my bride, a garden locked, a fountain sealed." Of this verse, St. Jerome says (Against Jovinian, I.31, "That which is shut up and sealed stands for the mother of our Lord who was a mother and a Virgin."
Surely, we detract nothing from Mary's motherhood if we say she did not suffer labor. She was already fully a mother when she conceived Jesus: "And whence is this to me, that the mother of my Lord should come to me?" (Luke 1:43), said most probably when Jesus was a blastula in a fallopian tube of Mary.
In God's intention for Creation, childbearing did not involve any trauma or pain: these are part of the penalty of the Fall. (Genesis 3:16) Then why should Mary, free from Original Sin from the moment of her conception, be subject to this penalty, any more than she was subject to disordered concupiscence?

Sometimes a Christian woman will choose to give birth without anesthesia, in solidarity with their sisters in the past, or to embrace some of the due penalty for sin - but not because she'd be less of a mother if she took pain relief. Similarly, no one believes that a mother who gives birth by C-section is thereby less of a mother.
Nor can one say that Mary's pain of childbirth was meant to be a pattern for us. Catholic hospitals place crucifixes over birthing beds, not pictures of Mary in labor. His own crucifixion, Our Lord says, is the proper pattern for a woman's throes of labor. (John 16:21) And wasn't Mary's role to suffer precisely...
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1 week ago
5 minutes 38 seconds

The Catholic Thing
Gate of Heaven and Mother of God
By Saint John Henry Newman.
Mary is called the Gate of Heaven, because it was through her that our Lord passed from heaven to earth. The Prophet Ezekiel, prophesying of Mary, says, "The gate shall be closed, it shall not be opened, and no man shall pass through it, since the Lord God of Israel has entered through it - and it shall be closed for the Prince, the Prince Himself shall sit in it." Now this is fulfilled, not only in our Lord having taken flesh from her, and being her Son, but moreover, in that she had a place in the economy of Redemption; it is fulfilled in her spirit and will, as well as in her body.
Eve had a part in the fall of man, though it was Adam who was our representative, and whose sin made us sinners. It was Eve who began, and who tempted Adam. Scripture says: "The woman saw that the tree was good to eat, and fair to the eyes, and delightful to behold; and she took the fruit thereof, and did eat, and gave to her husband, and he did eat."
It was fitting then in God's mercy that, as the woman began the destruction of the world, so woman should also begin its recovery, and that, as Eve opened the way for the fatal deed of the first Adam, so Mary should open the way for the great achievement of the second Adam, even our Lord Jesus Christ, who came to save the world by dying on the Cross for it.
Hence Mary is called by the holy Fathers a second and a better Eve, as having taken that first step in the salvation of mankind which Eve took in its ruin. How, and when, did Mary take part, and the initial part, in the world's restoration? It was when the Angel Gabriel came to her to announce to her the great dignity which was to be her portion.
St. Paul bids us to "present our bodies to God as a reasonable service." We must not only pray with our lips, and fast, and do outward penance, and be chaste in our bodies; but we must be obedient, and pure in our minds. And so, as regards the Blessed Virgin, it was God's will that she should undertake willingly and with full understanding to be the Mother of our Lord, and not to be a mere passive instrument whose maternity would have no merit and no reward.
The higher our gifts, the heavier our duties. It was no light lot to be so intimately near to the Redeemer of men, as she experienced afterwards when she suffered with Him.
Therefore, weighing well the Angel's words before giving her answer to them - first she asked whether so great an office would be a forfeiture of that Virginity which she had vowed. When the Angel told her no, then, with the full consent of a full heart, full of God's love to her and her own lowliness, she said, "Behold the handmaid of the Lord, be it done unto me according to thy word." It was by this consent that she became the Gate of Heaven.

[And "Mother of the Creator."]
This is a title which, of all others, we should have thought it impossible for any creature to possess. At first sight we might be tempted to say that it throws into confusion our primary ideas of the Creator and the creature, the Eternal and the temporal, the Self-subsisting and the dependent; and yet on further consideration we shall see that we cannot refuse the title to Mary without denying the Divine Incarnation - that is, the great and fundamental truth of revelation, that God became man.
And this was seen from the first age of the Church. Christians were accustomed from the first to call the Blessed Virgin "The Mother of God," because they saw that it was impossible to deny her that title without denying St. John's words, "The Word (that is, God the Son) was made flesh." And in no long time it was found necessary to proclaim this truth by the voice of an Ecumenical Council of the Church.
For, in consequence of the dislike which men have of a mystery, the error sprang up that our Lord was not really God, but a man, differing from us in this merely - that God dwelt in Him, as God dwells in all good men, only in a higher measure; as the Holy Spirit dwelt in Angels and Proph...
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1 week ago
5 minutes 21 seconds

The Catholic Thing
On the 'Happy' in Happy New Year
By Francis X. Maier
Pascal Bruckner, the political philosopher, is a classic French intellectual. Raised Catholic and educated in Jesuit schools, his adult thought is thoroughly secular. But he has a keen intellect, a clever pen, and a lively skepticism. And, to his credit, he applies it with vigor to a wide range of sacred cows - including the God-vacant modernity of which he himself is a creature.
One of Bruckner's key targets is the cult of counterfeit happiness that, in his view, rules our age. On the one hand, he argues that religious faith infantilizes its followers. "It is typical of Christianity," he writes, "to have overdramatized our existence by subjecting it to the alternative between hell and paradise. . . .Pass or fail: Paradise is structured like a school."
Can the meager sins of our tiny world - Bruckner asks derisively - earn endlessly disproportionate torment in the next? Yet at the same time, he notes that man's repudiation of God has not produced freedom, but a vulgar universe of advertising instead. In effect, what was liberated by humanity's perceived psychic and sexual coming of age "was less our libido than our appetite for unlimited shopping."
For Bruckner, we've become little more than the "galley slaves of pleasure." Every new distraction, gadget, and tech marvel drives our hedonism more deeply into its own exhausted punishment.

Past cultures accepted suffering as a normal, often meaningful, element of life. Happiness was seen as fragile and transient. Real joy was exceptional. For Bruckner, our age, especially in the West, has turned such thinking upside down. We're expected - in effect, we're commanded by 24/7 marketing - to be happy with the deluge of options presented to us.
When we're not, we're failures; or worse, deviants. "Happy Honda Days" become a sacrament of the consumer holiday season. As a result, despite mountains of contrary evidence in the real world, we insist on a spirit of mandatory optimism; we're "the world's first societies that make people unhappy, not to be happy."
In the end, modernity has "raised human hopes so high that it can only disappoint us." And this provides a bitter revenge for religions: "They may be in bad shape, but what succeeded them isn't doing so well, either."

True, that. Bruckner is strong medicine. No one will confuse him with Mr. Glad Pants. His lack of religious faith looks suspiciously like a case of self-inflicted blindness. And despite (or perhaps because of) his Jesuit background, his grasp of Christianity seems barely adolescent.
But on the final day of an old year and the brink of a new one, Bruckner's thoughts are nonetheless worth considering. Around the world tonight people will be wishing each other a happy new year. Yet the lights will be out in the Maier household by 10 pm. The idea of celebrating a giant electric ball falling at midnight in Manhattan to welcome in another hangover January just doesn't tickle the heartstrings.
So what exactly can "happiness" mean in an age of noise and manufactured excitement - an age, not by accident, rich in anxiety and conflict? And what about joy? We're still in the Christmas season, the very reason for "joy to the world."
For both C.S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien, happiness and joy are related, but finally very different things. This becomes clear throughout their fiction and other writings. In Tolkien, happiness is always in some sense selfless. It flows from doing what's right, even at great cost. It's tied to sacrifice, friendship, faithful service, fulfilling one's appointed purpose, and the enjoyment of simple pleasures in the natural world. Lewis likewise saw happiness as a matter of this-world satisfaction, the fruit of success, comradeship, innocent pleasures, and basic comforts.
Note that none of the above easily survives in a culture of constantly teased and escalating appetites. In fact, the happiness of a society - consider the state of our own - seems inversely proportional to the self-fo...
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1 week ago
6 minutes 10 seconds

The Catholic Thing
Incarnation Wonder
By Randall Smith
Many have likely seen the amazing photos from the James Webb Space Telescope showing thousands of galaxies. Not just stars, mind you, but galaxies, each of which is filled with trillions of stars. Now imagine those thousands upon thousands of galaxies condensed down into an infinitely dense point the size of - nobody really knows - but let's say, the size of a baseball. Something like this is the picture we have of the Big Bang Theory of the beginning of our universe. It may or may not be what actually happened, but we can conceive of it as a possibility.
I mention the possibility merely as a way of wrapping our minds around what is involved in the Incarnation. The Creator of all those galaxies and every atom and quark in them - the infinite Source of the Being and Goodness of whatever exists - constricted Himself down to the size of a baby - to the size of an embryo. In the movie Aladdin, the genie mentions the paradox of having "phenomenal cosmic power" in an "itty bitty living space." He's not even close to the greatness of the power or the smallness of the space.
In Philippians 2:7, Paul says that Christ "emptied himself" of his divinity and took on our humanity. Do we quite understand how radical a claim that is? The Incarnation isn't like Apollo or Zeus appearing to someone or taking control of a human body for a while. Those "gods" are localized entities, not as vast as the entire universe. The God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob - God the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit - is more vast than the universe itself.
All that is hard enough to get our heads around. Actually, I don't think we can ever really get our heads around it. We don't even know what "dark matter" is, or what's inside a black hole, or why the Higgs Boson does what it does. Whereas God not only knows those things completely, He made them, and they only continue to exist because He is keeping them in existence. The difference between that "mind" and our minds is like the difference between a cherry tomato and the entire galaxy - only now you need to multiply that difference by the biggest number you can think of, and you'd still not be close.
Okay, so now try to get your head around the notion that it's that God who actually loves us. Not only does He take notice of us, like you might notice a moderately interesting pebble at the beach, which would be startling enough. There has to be more interesting stuff to gaze at in the universe than me. There are more interesting things on this desk than me. But God not only notices, He actually loves us.
How do we know that? Why would we think that He even cares? The laws of quantum physics don't care about the world or you. They just are. Why would anyone come to the rather startling conclusion that the universe is a gift of boundless, infinite love? It's not immediately apparent just from looking at things in the world, so we should be very understanding when some of our fellow citizens find it difficult to believe.

Christians believe that the evidence for this all-pervading creative love is found in the Incarnation. A God bigger than we can even imagine chooses to become incarnate in an embryo smaller than we can see with the naked eye. It certainly turns everything upside down. Pope Benedict XVI wrote somewhere that this is like balancing the well-being of the entire cosmos on the head of a pin.
The most powerful force in the entire universe became incarnate in perhaps the most powerless thing we can imagine. Is there anything more powerless than a baby? God has not only "taken on our humanity," He has taken on our humanity at its weakest and most defenseless. And then, He goes even further and does the one thing the classical Greek gods could never do: die. He dies for us, taking on Himself both our sin and our death to vanquish both. Again, we need to be understanding of people who can't quite wrap their heads around this. It's a lot.
But we should at least be clear about this. If Christ is not ...
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1 week ago
5 minutes 58 seconds

The Catholic Thing
The Holy Innocents
By Fr. Peter M. J. Stravinskas
The Church, "expert in humanity" (as Pope Paul VI put it), knows that the mystery of Christmas (like that of Easter) is so great that it cannot be adequately plumbed - let alone celebrated - in a single day. And so, taking a page out of our Jewish liturgical heritage, the Church gives us an octave observance - eight full days to consider the central doctrine of the Incarnation, enabling us to reflect on it from a variety of perspectives, not unlike holding a diamond up to the sun to appreciate its beauty from many different angles.
Throughout the Christmas Octave, we encounter a number of saints' feasts. Do these commemorations serve as distractions from the central mystery of the Octave? Not at all - because, as St. Paul teaches us, "God is glorious in His saints." (2 Thessalonians 1:10) Indeed, we can say that the very first fruits of the Incarnation are saints, the comites Christi (the companions of Christ), and in this week, the majority of them are martyrs - privileged "witnesses" to Christ: Stephen, the so-called "proto-martyr" (Dec. 27); Thomas à Becket, the medieval defender of the freedom of the Church (Dec. 29); and also, the Holy Innocents, really the first to shed their blood for Christ.
We are introduced to the "Holy Innocents" by St. Matthew (Chapter 2 Verses 16-18) after he has told us of the visit of the Magi, whom Herod wanted to use as "reconnaissance" men to determine the identity of this "newborn King of the Jews." Not obtaining the information he desired, Herod resorts to mass murder to ensure his competition is dead, ordering the execution of all male babies under the age of two in Bethlehem.
The Collect for the day's liturgy notes that these little ones confessed the true faith, "not by speaking but by dying." Indeed, the very word "infans" in Latin means one who cannot yet speak! The prayer goes on to ask the Lord for the great grace "that the faith in you which we confess with our lips we may also speak through the manner of our life."
The Office of Readings for the feast treats us to a reflection of Quodvultdeus, a fifth-century bishop of Carthage in North Africa and a spiritual son of the great St. Augustine. The author addresses a question to the absent Herod: Why are you afraid, Herod, when you hear of the birth of a king? He does not come to drive you out, but to conquer the devil. But because you do not understand this you are disturbed and in a rage, and to destroy one child whom you seek, you show your cruelty in the death of so many children.
The Church in the United States has seen in the Holy Innocents the forerunners of the millions of babies slaughtered through legalized abortion. And we have witnessed the fear and rage of those ensnared in the culture of death. But why such rage? The vast majority of pro-lifers offer a kindly protest. The rage is born, no doubt, because - deep down - everyone knows the truth of what is happening in the abortion clinics.

The Church in America - especially the hierarchy - have made numerous mistakes in the post-Vatican II era. One area in which the Church shines, however, is in her unrelenting pro-life witness. Ours was a lone voice in the immediate wake of Roe v. Wade. In fact, the pro-abortionists used our solitary witness to play the anti-Catholic card, hoping to make the issue appear as a sectarian Catholic issue.
Our Catholic school system provided strength and youthfulness to the pro-life movement. A few years ago after the March for Life in Washington, D. C., a journalist in favor of "abortion rights" noted in the Washington Post (also strongly pro-abortion) that he was "expecting to write about [the March's] irrelevance." But admitted: "I was especially struck by the large number of young people among the tens of thousands at the march." He highlighted the fact that the vast majority came from Catholic schools who "were taught from an early age to oppose abortion."
Europeans are stunned by the vitality of the pro-l...
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1 week ago
6 minutes 8 seconds

The Catholic Thing
Imitating the Holy Family
By Fr. Paul D. Scalia.
The collect for today's feast prays, "O God, who were pleased to give us the example of the Holy Family, graciously grant that we may imitate them." Now, that's a tall order. After all, the Holy Family was exceptional. Inimitable, one might say. Joseph and Mary were indeed married. But their marriage was unlike any other. Jesus was indeed their Son. . .but not in the usual sense.
Still, this collect and the intuition of the faithful throughout history indicate that there is, in fact, something to be imitated here. And capable of imitation. Now, that doesn't mean tugging the Holy Family down to our level. Rather, what we encounter in a unique and unrepeatable way in the Holy Family reveals what is true for every family.
First, the Holy Family begins with the love of Joseph and Mary. Many Christians might see their marriage as something of a fiction. Mary was going to have a baby and there needed to be a husband/father in the picture. Hence the depictions of the doddering old Joseph trying to keep up with Jesus and Mary.
But God doesn't traffic in make-believe. Joseph and Mary loved one another with an authentic spousal love, even if it was lived out in a unique manner. She entrusted herself and her vowed virginity to his protection. He gave himself in love as her spouse and guardian. What each desired for the other was the holiness to which God called them. Her sanctity inspired his generous response to God and his protection enabled hers.
Just so, the holiness of a family begins with the love of the spouses. This isn't the romanticized "soulmate" theory that ironically leads to infidelity and broken families. No, it's the simple spousal love discerned by a bride and groom that prompts them to vow permanence, fidelity, and openness to children. It is the daily choosing to love one another that not only keeps those vows intact but also deepens them.
Second, although Joseph and Mary never had conjugal relations, they were nevertheless open to life - obviously, in an exceptional way. The Child born of Mary is the fruit of their union. Their marriage already existed at the time of Christ's conception. It was within their marriage that He was conceived. It was due not only to her faith in God but also to her trust in Joseph that Mary could say Yes to the angel. This singular openness to life brought the Lord of Life into the world.

"Be fruitful and multiply." That is God's first and thus most fundamental command. As with all His commands, it's for our good, and flouting it only brings us sadness. A couple's openness to children - and, even better, their generosity in receiving them - indicates trust in God's providence and a willingness to be stretched in self-giving. That openness and generosity in turn become a means of sanctification, of growing in trust and self-giving. The ordinary sacrifices of mothers and fathers have been woven into the fabric of Christian holiness.
Third, the Holy Family had a clear purpose. Indeed, a mission. Christ had been entrusted to the marriage of Joseph and Mary. Their mutual love established the home where He was received and where He "advanced in wisdom and age and favor before God and man." (Luke 2:52) In short, their purpose was Jesus. Everything about their love and their home was ordered towards Him and His mission.
Every family has a mission and purpose. On a natural level, the family brings many benefits to society (and as the family unravels, we're sadly discovering how many of those benefits will be lost). But the ultimate purpose of the family is beyond this world. Indeed, as with the Holy Family, the purpose of every family is Jesus Christ. To give Him a dwelling place in the home, among the members. To increase in knowledge and love of Him, to grow in the capacity to imitate Him.
Finally, the Holy Family prayed. Given the presence of the Incarnate Word and the Immaculate Conception in their home, their prayer would have been unique. But in another sense, it wa...
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1 week ago
5 minutes 30 seconds

The Catholic Thing
Benedict's Maestro Makes Music for Leo
By Fr. Raymond J. de Souza.
High culture - and the spiritual appreciation of high culture - returned to the Vatican this month. Pope Leo XIV is quietly restoring some recent traditions, such as personally celebrating Holy Mass on Christmas morning, not done since 1994. Earlier this month, he brought back the classical sacred music concert.
Sixty years ago, at the conclusion of Vatican II, some "messages" were read to various groups; one was to artists, including musicians:
The Church of the council declares to you, if you are friends of genuine art, you are our friends. The Church needs you and turns to you. Do not refuse to put your talents at the service of divine truth. Do not close your mind to the breath of the Holy Spirit.
A few months later, in April 1966, St. Paul VI made this friendship manifest by attending a concert at the St. Cecilia auditorium near the Vatican. Four years later, in honor of his priestly golden jubilee, Beethoven's Missa Solemnis was performed in his presence in St. Peter's Basilica itself.
Post-conciliar papal patronage of classical music reached its apogee forty years ago. St. John Paul the Great, on a visit to Austria in 1983, met the celebrated Herbert von Karajan, who suggested that a magnificent Mass setting should be performed at a Pontifical Mass. John Paul agreed.
In 1985, for the feast of Saints Peter and Paul, Karajan conducted Mozart's Coronation Mass in St. Peter's. The Vienna Philharmonic was joined by renowned soloists, including Kathleen Battle. It was the final great moment of the "conductor of Europe's" career, and the elderly and infirm Karajan received Holy Communion from the Holy Father himself. He would die four years later, reconciled with the Church, with which his relationship had been fraught.
The grand papal concerts continued, with another highlight coming in 1994, when John Paul held a concert to commemorate the Shoah, conducted by Gilbert Levine in the Paul VI Audience Hall. It was a moment of high history and intense emotion. The chief rabbi of Rome sat beside the Holy Father. Richard Dreyfuss recited the Kaddish. Cardinal Jean-Marie (born Aron) Lustiger of Paris, whose mother was killed at Auschwitz, embraced Levine. It was music fulfilling its highest vocation.
Pope Benedict XVI had a high appreciation for music, and was a musician himself, playing Mozart on the piano. It was fitting then that this year the Ratzinger Prize for distinguished achievement in scholarship and culture was awarded to his longtime friend, Maestro Riccardo Muti.

Even better, after something of a suspension of papal concerts under Pope Francis, the prize was conferred by Pope Leo XIV himself at a concert offered by Muti in the Paul VI Hall. He chose Luigi Cherubini's Coronation Mass of Charles X, composed in 1825. Muti chose the Mass on its bicentennial, a moment in which sacred music itself (briefly) reasserted its presence in the cultural and spiritual patrimony of France after the vandalism of the revolution and terror. Charles X's coronation was the first since 1775, and the last for the French monarchy.
In receiving the prize, Muti spoke with affection for Pope Leo, recalling his many years as musical director of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. Muti mentioned that he had conducted Haydn's Seven Last Words of Our Savior on the Cross at Holy Name Cathedral in Chicago, with Cardinal Cupich narrating the work.
Muti further recalled Benedict's thoughts about sacred music. In 2015, Benedict received in retirement an honorary doctorate from the Pontifical University John Paul II of Kraków and the Kraków Music Academy. He spoke on that occasion of the "three places" whence music comes - the experience of love, the experience of sadness, suffering, and loss, and the encounter with the divine:
The quality of music depends on the pureness and greatness of the meeting with God, with the experience of love and of suffering. The purer and the truer that experience is, the purer and greater the mus...
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1 week ago
5 minutes 55 seconds

The Catholic Thing
Christmas Joy
By Stephen P. White
The history of salvation is long. It begins, as we read in Genesis, even before Creation itself. Before space and time were, God already was preparing all that would unfold. The ultimate culmination of that story is as yet unknown, though it has been revealed to us in part. Our own part in the story of salvation is unfolding every moment. And while God comprehends all from outside of time, our own actions and choices cooperate (or not) with the plan which He laid down before the foundation of the world.
We human creatures are not eternal beings; we have a beginning. While our bodies are mortal, our souls are not; there is no end to us. Unlike God, we are changeable - mutable, in the language of theologians and philosophers - in both our mortal bodies and our immortal souls.
From the study of physics we learn about the conservation of mass and energy, by which all the mass and energy that ever was or will be already exists. Carl Sagan famously observed that we are "star dust," which is true in one sense. But the celestial origins of our material existence do not tell the whole story. We are more than recycled bits of the Big Bang's leftovers. Much more.
With the creation of every new soul, an entirely new thing comes into existence. The composition of the cosmos changes in kind, not just degree. When a new person comes into existence, reality itself is altered forever. Souls are not star dust, neither do they pass away.
And so there are new things - genuinely new things - which come into existence every day. Changes - irrevocable, eternal changes - happen all around us. New souls come into being. Souls are marked indelibly with baptism or by holy orders. Souls are parted, for the time being, from their mortal bodies. Souls are judged. And they are saved or they are damned.
The history of salvation, told in something like its fullness, is a story not only of Creation, but of God's continual intervention. God visits His people. He makes covenants with them. He calls them to Himself. He chastises them and shows them mercy. He delivers them from bondage. He keeps His promises.

The central event in this long tale of salvation history is, of course, the greatest New Thing in all Creation. An angel appears to Mary, and she conceives by the Holy Spirit: the Word made flesh. A child is born in Bethlehem. He grows in wisdom and favor before God and man. He is tempted. He is without sin. He preaches the coming of the Kingdom and good news to the poor. He performs great miracles. He is betrayed, suffers, dies, descends into hell, rises, and ascends to the right hand of the Father. He sends the Holy Spirit. He feeds His people with His own body and blood. He keeps His promises.
The scope of this glorious mystery is so vast that it can be difficult, if not impossible, to behold all at once. The Church, in her wisdom, recalls it through the rhythms of the liturgical year. We savor one moment at a time through our successive feasts. The whole is always there, but we encounter it most often in some particular facet: the life of some great saint, the commemoration of great moments in the life of our Lord or of the Blessed Virgin, whole seasons of penance and rejoicing.
It is at Easter, and particularly the Easter Vigil, that the Church draws our eyes to the broadest horizon. We hear the whole story of salvation history, and the full glory and import of the Resurrection is made as plain to mortal minds as our liturgy and praise can make it. Easter joy is cosmic, triumphant, exhilarating. Easter joy is all trumpet blasts and blinding light. Easter joy is apocalyptic in the oldest sense: a revelation of what was previously hidden in the divine mind.
The joy of this season, Christmas joy, is of a different timbre altogether. Christmas joy is humble, quiet, less exalted, somehow more profoundly. . .human. The joy of Christmas is as different from that of Easter as the smile of a sleeping baby is from a triumphal march of the K...
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2 weeks ago
5 minutes 38 seconds

The Catholic Thing
A King is Born: Christ the Lord
By Fr. Thomas G. Weinandy, OFM Cap.
Luke's Gospel provides a rather detailed rendering of Jesus' birth. Because Mary "kept all these things, pondering them in her heart," she must have given her eyewitness account to Luke. Thus, the historicity of what is declared should not be challenged. Within Luke's written words, we hear Mary's spoken words.
So, Luke/Mary gives the historical setting of what would take place. Caesar Augustus decreed that a census should be taken throughout the Roman Empire. Everyone went to their home city to be enrolled. Thus, "Joseph also went up to Galilee, from the city of Nazareth, to Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and lineage of David, to be enrolled with Mary his betrothed, who was with child."
Joseph's lineage is theologically significant. He is from "the house of David," and so he must register "in the city of David," Bethlehem. It was here that David was born, and God told Samuel to anoint David king. "Samuel took the horn of oil, and anointed him in the midst of his brothers; and the Spirit of the Lord came mightily upon David from that day forward." (1 Samuel 16:13)
Moreover, God later, speaking through Samuel, declared. "When your [David's] days are fulfilled and you lie down with your fathers, I will raise up your offspring after you, who shall come forth from your body, and I will establish his kingdom. He will build a house for my name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever." (2 Samuel 7:12-13)
These prophetic promises are now being fulfilled as Joseph journeys to Bethlehem to be enrolled. The son to be born of Mary in the city of David is the Lord's anointed, the one who is filled with the Holy Spirit, having been conceived by the overshadowing of the Holy Spirit. He is the king of the everlasting Davidic kingdom, and his throne will last forever.
All this is founded upon Joseph's royal lineage, for he is of the house of David. Thus, Joseph is of foundational theological importance, for without him the child to be born of Mary would not be the fulfillment of God's ancient prophesies. He would not be the king of God's everlasting Davidic kingdom.
Now, while Joseph and Mary were in Bethlehem, "the time came for her to be delivered. And she gave birth to her first-born son and wrapped him in swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger, because there was no place for them in the inn." There was nothing miraculous in the manner of His birth. If such was the case, Mary would have informed Luke, and he would have stated what was the nature of the miracle.
What is unusual is that, finding no room in the inn, Mary gave birth to Jesus in a stable, and so she placed him in a manger. He who will sit upon the royal throne as the king of David's everlasting kingdom is born in humble lowliness and unassuming poverty.

All of the above is implied within the context of Joseph's lineage as being from the house of David. No one has yet declared his royalty or spoken of his identity. Everything up to this point in Luke's narrative is simply normal - a baby was born of Mary in a stable in Bethlehem. However, in the midst of this normality, something will now be announced that is extraordinary.
"And in that region, there were shepherds out in the field keeping watch over their flock by night." This too is normal. This is what shepherds do. However, "an angel of the Lord appeared to them, and the glory of the Lord shone around them, and they were filled with fear."
What has taken place on earth may have appeared normal, but the heavenly realm knew otherwise. One of the Lord's heavenly angels, engulfed in the Lord's glory, appeared to the shepherds. Though the shepherds were afraid upon beholding such a spectacular sight, the angel said to them:
Do not be afraid; for behold, I bring you good news of great joy which will come to all people; for to you is born this day in the city of David a Savior, who is Christ the Lord.
Rather than being a...
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2 weeks ago
6 minutes 3 seconds

The Catholic Thing
That He Will Come Again
By David Warren.
The road to Catholicism is not necessarily straight or smooth, and it may have been wiped out, for instance, by a mountain avalanche just when it was coming into view. In my case, even where there were no memorable avalanches, it took me half a century to get there, from my standing start in pre/post Protestantism.
For me, who had to convert even to become a secular Anglican, what kept me from Catholicism at the end was a combination of stubbornness (which I mistook for faith), and "family values," i.e., the need to prevent a divorce (mine). But when I was finally thrown out of my home, I became a free man.
Just like that, I then betrayed the Archbishop of Canterbury, and "poped."
This was a marvelous experience, for thanks to family law, I was also reduced to primitive poverty. This felt more authentic.
The Catholic Church herself seemed suddenly transformed. She no longer looked like a (rather flabby) sect. She actually began to detach herself from historical time, allowing me to wander freely and easily through her many periods, and to stand both inside and outside the centuries.
It just WAS, a complete THING, unlike any other thing or collection of things which I had ever seen. It no longer required an effort of imagination, for one could use one's eyes.
And I didn't need to judge, as I had been wont to do, and had been doing while keeping myself out. I realized the Church required prayer and not rebellion. She is not a "protest" against anything.
I thought it might restrain ME, for having been, as it were, white and English for too long (five centuries); yet I was freed from this anxiety, too, as well as lightened of goods. "My way is easy, and my burden is light." The need, or obsession, with material progress had disappeared.
We live in a world of efficient cooks, with their chopping blades. You are on one side or the other of a sharp knife, or a dull one in the case of Episcopalianism.
Heresies may be necessary to define a church, and blackguards to enforce the rules, but I think we can say that Christ's order is not the police order we see governing the world.
The question of what puts you in, or what takes you out, is like the other big questions. They may not be appealed to a "humane" court of law. If you have loved others as yourself, and put God atop your list of commandments, you are probably in.

And if you make peace, even in war, with the cause of justice, you may not survive, but have a chance of being right. Get rid of your modern prejudice against the free speech of Crusaders.
"We must have faith," which is something we can't check in immigration documents. But actually, one of the first things I learned, on the outside of worldliness, is that faith is not something one has. For that sort of thing cannot be mislaid, it can only be abandoned, to restore your faithlessness.
One could be "pro-" Catholic, and I certainly was, but what is a "pro-" unless edging towards membership in the divine body? And what is a genuine Catholic unless he is a bad Catholic? That's why the essence of Catholicism is now found when one is going to Confession.
It requires heroism, and of such a serene kind, that non-Catholics are actually embarrassed by it.
Faith isn't a physical thing, or we might claim to be faithful even to a set of antiquarian facts. Certainly, as a Protestant, I had this much "faith," and wished to have more.
I would join enthusiastically into arguments over whether Christ had even existed, whether the list of disciples was real, whether the "B.V.M." (the Anglican term for the Mother Mary) took part in the Dormition or Assumption, what was the third party of the Trinity. Or any other thing I now think plausible, but used to debate, usually from the atheist position in high school. But I found one could more easily stir things up by defending Humanae vitae.
That is what faith is not: gibberish. Nor is it "belief" in the facticity of anything at all, which we derive from history. It would not...
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2 weeks ago
6 minutes

The Catholic Thing
St. Jerome and the Lion
By Brad Miner
Then one of the elders said to me, "Do not weep. See, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David, has conquered, so that he can open the scroll and its seven seals."
Revelation 5:5
There's a story (likely a legend echoing the earlier Roman tale of Androcles and the lion) that one day in his study, St. Jerome (c. 342-420), hard at work translating the Holy Bible into Latin, had a visit from a lion. The lion had a splinter in its paw and begged the saint to remove it, which Jerome did, after which man and beast became inseparable.
Being a cat lover, I would very much like to have a lion as a friend, although not as a pet. I've seen videos of a South African "lion whisperer," who raised some abandoned lion cubs and stayed friends with them over the years, so that when he walks out into the veld and calls for them, they come running and jump up to put their paws on his shoulders and lick his face.

So, the story about Jerome and the lion could be true.
Many artists have depicted the scene, although, in earlier centuries, some of them did so without ever having seen a lion, and those lions resemble cats, dogs, or gargoyles. However, there were Asiatic lions in the desert in Israel when Jerome was living there, although by the time he was working on the Vulgate in Bethlehem, lions would have been a rare sight indeed.
But it could have happened. Because God was surely at work in Jerome's life, and maybe Jerome liked cats, and, as a reward for his sanctity, the Lord decided to give him the very biggest one.
In many Renaissance and later paintings, Jerome is shown in his cardinalitial regalia, but that's an anachronism. The cardinalate did not become a Church office until nearly three centuries after Jerome went to heaven. Memento mori images figure in some portraits of Jerome, as in the skull in Caravaggio's St. Jerome Writing (above).
In one of the earliest paintings of him, by Pinturicchio, the saint is half-naked, contemplating a crucifix that he has affixed to a branch of a small tree. On a rock to Jerome's left is another book that I'd like to think is his notebook. To his right is a nicely bound codex of the Hebrew Scriptures, perhaps. Or, more likely, it's a "first edition" of the Vulgate. In any case, it's slightly covered by his red cardinal's hat.

And next to the hat is the lion, who looks out at us warily. Or maybe it's a look of worry, because Jerome holds a rock in one hand, which he has been using to mortify his flesh. (So says the tradition.) His other hand gestures towards the open notebook as he gazes at the radiating image of Christ, fides quaerens intellectum. The lion hopes we'll pass by quietly and allow the saint to get on with his holy work.
My favorite painting of the saint and the big cat is St. Jerome in His Study by Niccolò Antonio Colantonio. Its composition is rich in detail. Here is Jerome
intent on removing a thorn from the paw of a melancholic and docile lion with a sort of scalpel. The wooden shelves behind him are crowded with a formidable still life of books, letters, scrolls, hourglasses, scissors, sealing wax, knotted cloths, ribbons, and writing instruments, carefully described and struck by the light. His cardinal's hat is prominently displayed on a table, and mice below, in the shadows, are gnawing on the papers that have fallen to the floor.

This suggests that, whether or not he kept a lion, Jerome would certainly have benefited from having a housekeeper. But at least Colantonio gives him a very regal lion.
This is all fanciful. But Jerome is truly among Catholicism's (and the world's) greatest scholar-evangelists. Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus - we call him Jerome - had been the confidential secretary to Damasus the first, pope from 366 to 384, and it was Damasus who tasked him to do a thorough revision of the Bible - both Testaments.
Jerome was the man for the job. A convert to Christianity, he had previously lived a life of indulgence not unlike the young St. Augus...
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2 weeks ago
6 minutes 34 seconds

The Catholic Thing
Of Light and Darkness
By Robert Royal.
Yesterday was the winter solstice, the point at which, because of variations in the way that the Earth orbits the Sun, night is longest, the "darkest day of the year." (It's also my birthday, and for some who have followed me over the years, I suspect, a dark day in a more than astronomical sense.) Maybe because of that accident of birth, I've always been struck by the line in Genesis, "And God said let there be light, and there was light." I've even, in my wavering efforts to learn Biblical Hebrew, memorized the original, וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים, יְהִי אוֹר; וַיְהִי-אוֹר. Vayomer Elohim yehi or, vayehi or. Before that (if that's the right way to put it, since time has not been created yet), God is winding up to deliver the pitch, so to speak. And he does in what follows: "God saw that the light was good, and he separated the light from the darkness."
Many things depend on that division - though, as we'll see below, not, ultimately, in the sense you might think. In a way, it's no surprise that it was a Jewish scientist, Albert Einstein, who first discovered the fundamental role of light in creation. Nothing can exceed the speed of light in our universe. Einstein's personal religious beliefs are a matter of debate, but is it wholly an accident that someone steeped in the Jewish tradition could have worked his way to that truth?
That whole tradition is with us, deeply, in this season. The birth of a baby is - or always should be - a cause for celebration. But that this baby entered our world around its darkest days is also surely more than a coincidence. People today tend to dismiss such speculations as "medieval." But as in many of the paradoxes of the Faith, the darkness is not incidental or merely symbolic or even - we'll come back to this - something left behind. In a deep sense, the darkness is also the reason for the season. Would light be so important without it?
If you think about it, too, why is it that Jesus was born at night? We only know that because the good Luke includes this detail: "Now there were shepherds in that region living in the fields and keeping the night watch over their flock." (Luke 2:8) It's fitting because the Jewish prophetic tradition suggests that night is the everyday reality in which we find ourselves.
In Handel's Messiah, which you should make a point of listening to every year at this time for your enjoyment but also edification, you'll hear a lot about God's glory and how we should be thankful to Him for redeeming us. "The people who sat in darkness have seen a great light."(Isaiah 9:2) And why are they sitting in darkness?

At a live performance last week, the section that most went home was, "And who shall abide the day of his coming?" which Handel selected from the prophet Malachi (Chapter 3: Verse 2). You would think that after all the darkness and suffering in the world, we'd all be glad to see Him. But the murky world that Original Sin and individual sins have laid upon us - and that we're so attached to - is a world that we don't give up easily. The Christian tradition reminds us that many of us will fear Christ's Second Coming. Even at His First Coming, there were those, like Herod, and later the Pharisees and Sadducees, who didn't exactly jump for joy at seeing Him.
We like Christmas, as it has become now, for obvious reasons. Gifts, parties, food, (Catholic) beverages, family, friends, good cheer, caroling, and at least minimal gestures of goodwill towards men. Even a secularist, rampant commercialism aside, might find all that a welcome respite from the grimness of the everyday. It's all quite Dickensian. But for a Christian, the grimness goes far deeper. Which is why the joy is all the greater.
And yet in the end, perhaps we need to put in a good word for darkness. The darkness around us and inside in our earthly existence is, in its way, part of God's mercy. Like all the trials and tribulations that stem from sin, as we see in Scripture, darkness is a spur to look...
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2 weeks ago
6 minutes 14 seconds

The Catholic Thing
A Thousandfold Intuited
By Fr. Benedict Kiely
A few months ago, I was lucky enough to be in the capital city of Slovakia, Bratislava, formerly Pressburg, staying in the beautiful Old Town, to speak at a conference. To say it is charming makes it sound like a wedding-cake creation; it charms because it is intact and as it should be, not ersatz and artificial, a Catholic town, in creation and in fact.
Navigating its very walkable streets (a weekend break would be ideal to see all that is necessary), you see that multiple churches are open and in use, with, on a Sunday, many families with numerous children spilling out into the small squares. Unlike its Czech neighbor, in Slovakia the Faith appears healthy, a sign of encouragement for those who believe any revival of the Faith in Europe will come, in good part, from its Central and Eastern nations.
St. Martin's Cathedral, in the very heart of the Old Town, is a small 15th-century Gothic jewel, simple and devout, dedicated to St. Martin of Tours, whom the populace claims as their own, which is technically correct, as parts of Slovakia were in what was called Pannonia.
This cathedral has seen kingdoms rise and fall - the kings of Hungary were crowned there. And there is a small shrine to the last Habsburg Emperor, Blessed Karl. In the lifetime of an elderly citizen, it also saw the horrors of the two most destructive atheistic ideologies ever known, Nazism and Communism. Both of those cruel systems attempted, as Herod tried and failed, to kill the rival to their earthly power, the true King, whose reign shall never cease.
As the Gospel was about to be proclaimed that Sunday, the organ prelude thundered, an acclamation, in the true sense, for a person of great dignity, a royal person. It was a greeting for the Word, who would appear in Scripture and Sacrament, most truly in His Real Presence - the bread and wine transformed into His Body and Blood. It's still as difficult to discern His divinity in those elements, just as it was a baby in a crib, except with the gift of faith, given to Shepherds and Magi.
The cathedral, as every church, humble chapel, or even, in necessity, table or Mass rock, is Bethlehem, the House of Bread, the royal palace of the hidden king.
There seemed to be something very appropriate about that triumphant organ. As Bishop Barron has written, during the reign of Caesar Augustus, trumpets and acclamations would greet the one perceived to be the King of the known world. Yet in silence, in "the fullness of time," the true King appears, not acclaimed by trumpet and organ, unknown, but recognised and adored by rough shepherds and wise seekers from the East.

He has no earthly army, but something much greater, the army of the Heavenly Host. The great and the good, if they even hear of the event, laugh it to scorn, a very contemporary reaction to the Gospel. Yet the story, as Chesterton said, is "plain enough to be understood by the shepherds, and almost by the sheep."
God confounds worldly wisdom with His hidden foolishness. "He came unto His own, and His own knew Him not." Why did they not recognise Him, whom all the prophets had foretold?
It was partly the "mystery of iniquity," of course, and the extraordinary simplicity of His birth. There is more, though: a God so close, so weak, so defenseless, is almost too much to accept, and therefore contradictory to the concept of divine omnipotence.
It is still the fashion, of those outdated critics of Christianity who have yet to realise their once fashionable views are now passé, to claim that, because pagan legends and myths included tales of a Virgin birth, or the appearance of a God in human form, this proves the Christmas tale to be just that: a tale like all the others. Hilaire Belloc, who punctured pomposity and intellectual cant with the weapon of his pen, quite accurately noted that "these are not pagan legends transformed. They are pagan foresights inherited."
As St. Paul identified, in his evangelism at the Areopagus, the nearby...
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2 weeks ago
6 minutes 12 seconds

The Catholic Thing
Flannery O'Connor and the Mass of the World
By Daniel B. Gallagher
When I first began devouring Catholic fiction in college, I couldn't figure out why J. F. Powers immediately struck a chord with me and Flannery O'Connor (this year is the centenary of her birth) did not. It wasn't that one was better than the other. Judging from their prose, they are both extraordinary stylists.
What I failed to recognize back then is now obvious to me. I was born in Pittsburgh, raised in Chicago, and educated at the University of Michigan. When I first read O'Connor, I knew much more about trains, factories, and blizzards than I did about heatwaves, fried shrimp, and peacocks. Everything I knew about racial segregation I read from books, including O'Connor's.
The Midwest is far from an egalitarian utopia, but it certainly lacks the Southern class structure upon which so many of O'Connor's plots turn. If I had been a more imaginative reader, stories like "Everything That Rises Must Converge" would have taught me something about a culture and a place of which I had absolutely no experience.
Yet I did know a thing or two about alcoholic priests and the affected robustness of many Midwest Catholic institutions, ranging from Notre Dame to the Knights of Columbus. Powers' stories made me laugh and showed me the narrative possibilities of an author who can wittily describe Midwest Catholic and clerical culture through the eyes of the rectory cat.
Since moving to Savannah a couple of years ago and working within blocks of O'Connor's childhood home, all of that has started to change for me. It didn't take long to meet people like Manley, the conniving Bible salesman in "Good Country People," and the self-righteous Grandmother in "A Good Man Is Hard to Find."

I've watched peacocks unfurl their plumage on O'Connor's Andalusia Farm in Milledgeville and knelt in the same pew O'Connor prayed as a girl living a stone's throw from Saint John the Baptist Cathedral. Even though I'll always be a Midwesterner, I'm starting to wrap my mind around what it meant for O'Connor to be a Southerner.
But I don't think I'll get very far, and that's okay. Because if I've learned anything from re-reading O'Connor in this centenary of her birth, it's that I'll never have to wrap my mind around her Southernness completely to understand her - at least not in the way a Southerner understands her.
Everywhere I go, I can't help but be a Midwesterner, just as O'Connor couldn't help being anything but a Southerner, be it in Iowa, New York, or Connecticut. Her one visit to Europe only reinforced her desire to stay put in the South.
While collecting her wits in Rome, she joked that she and her mother Regina - her sole companion on the journey - would "probably end up behind the Iron Curtain asking the way to Lourdes in sign language," adding that "my will is apparently made out of a feather duster." Her 14-year battle with lupus would make us think otherwise, but if she simply meant that she lacked the strength not only to put up with the inconveniences of traveling but to adapt to the cultures it took her to, it's a point well taken.
In O'Connor's mind, my boyhood home of Chicago - where Powers sets the first part of his great novel Morte d'Urban - is as far away from Milledgeville as Rome. Every detail of her five-day stint at the University of Chicago in 1959 "assisting" young female writers was unbearable. Living in the dormitory, O'Connor was obliged to give a public lecture that no one attended and then sit with the girls "drinking tea every afternoon while they tried to think of something to ask me. The low point was reached when - after a good ten-minute silence - one little girl said, 'Miss O'Connor, what are the Christmas customs in Georgia?'"
O'Connor found a way to apply this fierce loyalty to home to her soul as well. She would not tolerate a lack of integrity when it came to prayer, be it hers or that of others. Writing to her good friend Janet McKane, she describes an attempt to plow through Karl Rahner's On...
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2 weeks ago
5 minutes 50 seconds

The Catholic Thing
The Catholic Thing is a daily column rooted in the richest cultural tradition in the world, i.e., the concrete historical reality of Catholicism.