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Within Reason
Alex J O'Connor
129 episodes
4 days ago
For the curious. A philosophy podcast that sometimes flirts with other disciplines, Within Reason has featured guests including Richard Dawkins, Douglas Murray, William Lane Craig, Peter Singer, Konstantin Kisin, and Neil deGrasse Tyson.
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Philosophy
Society & Culture
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All content for Within Reason is the property of Alex J O'Connor and is served directly from their servers with no modification, redirects, or rehosting. The podcast is not affiliated with or endorsed by Podjoint in any way.
For the curious. A philosophy podcast that sometimes flirts with other disciplines, Within Reason has featured guests including Richard Dawkins, Douglas Murray, William Lane Craig, Peter Singer, Konstantin Kisin, and Neil deGrasse Tyson.
Show more...
Philosophy
Society & Culture
Episodes (20/129)
Within Reason
#133 Hank Green on God, Science, and Consciousness

Hank Green (@hankschannel) is one of YouTube's most beloved creators. One half of vlogbrothers, he is also the co-creator and host of SciShow and Crash Course.


Timestamps:

0:00 - Where Are All the Aliens?
8:08 - What Makes Humans So Special?
17:22 - Has the US Lost its Cultural Identity?
29:34 - Martin Luther Wrong About God?
36:30 - Is the World an Illusion?
46:54 - Should We Believe Our Illusions?
53:58 - How Objective is Science?
59:41 - Does Science Explain Anything?
01:11:10 - Could We Explain Cold to an Alien?
1:22:03 - The Hard Problem of Consciousness
01:27:44 - Will Computers Ever Become Conscious?
01:35:58 - Do You Have Two Brains?
01:42:30 - Should We Be Worried About TikTok?
1:49:08 - Hank’s Video Ideas
01:59:39 - What’s it Like Meeting Your Old Heroes?
2:05:51 - Being a YouTuber

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3 days ago
2 hours 12 minutes 32 seconds

Within Reason
#132 Vsauce - Does Anything Exist?

Michael Stevens is the creator of Vsauce, one of YouTube's most popular channels. Alongside Hannah Fry he hosts the newly-launched podcast The Rest is Science.


Timestamps:

0:00 - Does Anything Really Exist?
10:32 - Is Michael a Mereological Nihilist?
19:42 - Are Philosophers Overcomplicating Function Behaviour?
25:24 - Do “You” Really Exist?
41:57 - Free Will and the Bicameral Mind Theory
50:09 - Why the Future Isn’t Changing Like It Used To
59:11 - The Scientific Mystery of Torque?
01:17:46 - Consciousness

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1 week ago
1 hour 34 minutes 37 seconds

Within Reason
#131 Toby Ord - Will AI Destroy Humanity?

Timestamps

0:00 - What Existential Risks Does AI Pose?8:57 - How AI Systems Lie to Us26:04 - Why We Should Be Worried About AI33:28 - What Does It Mean for AI System to “Want” Something?43:41 - AI Weapons and Nuclear Warfare48:57 - Where Should We Focus Our Resources?53:35 - What Policies Should We Enact?

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2 weeks ago
1 hour 1 minute 45 seconds

Within Reason
#130 Philip Goff - Why I'm a Heretical Christian

Philip Goff is a British author, panpsychist philosopher, and professor at Durham University whose research focuses on philosophy of mind and consciousness. Specifically, how consciousness can be part of the scientific worldview.


Buy Philip's books here.


- Timestamps

0:00 - Why Philip Became Religious7:13 - Panpsychism and the Fine-Tuning Argument18:46 - Why God’s Power is Limited30:10 - The Problem of Suffering42:53 - Non-Western Religious Positions48:34 - What is the Role of Jesus in This?57:35 - “Why Aren’t You Just a Hindu?”01:02:23 - What is the Point in the Crucifixion?01:09:41 - The Beautiful Uncertainty of Religion


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3 weeks ago
1 hour 18 minutes 15 seconds

Within Reason
#129 Will MacAskill - We're Not Ready for Artificial General Intelligence

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William MacAskill is a Scottish philosopher and author, as well as one of the originators of the effective altruism movement. Get his book. What We Owe the Future, here.

0:00 – The World Isn’t Ready for AGI

9:12 – What Does AGI

Doomsday Look Like?

16:13 – Alignment is Not Enough

19:28 – How AGI Could Cause Government Coups

27:14 – Why Isn’t There More Widespread Panic?

33:55 – What Can We Do?

40:11 – If We Stop, China Won’t

47:43 – What is Currently Being Done to Regulate AGI Growth

51:03 – The Problem of “Value Lock-in”

01:05:03 – Is Inaction a Form of Action?

01:08:47 – Should Effective Altruists Focus on AGI?

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1 month ago
1 hour 19 minutes 1 second

Within Reason
#128 Bernardo Kastrup - Materialism is Complete Nonsense

Bernardo Kastrup is a Dutch philosopher and computer scientist recognised for his contributions to consciousness studies, notably through his formulation of analytic idealism—a variant of metaphysical idealism rooted in the analytic tradition.


Buy his books here.


Timestamps:

0:00 - What is the World Really Made Of?
7:11 - Qualities vs Quantities
9:45 - Can Materialism Explain Anything?
25:06 - Is There More Than What We Perceive?
33:57 - Can We Exist Without a Brain?
42:15 - What is Personhood?
48:35 - Consciousness is not the Self
54:46 - Why is Mental Activity Localised?
01:10:39 - Why Panpsychism Doesn’t Make Sense
01:22:20 - Distinguishing Idealism and Panpsychism
01:32:20 - Are There Distinctions Between Material Objects?
01:39:14 - The Illusion of the Self
01:46:16 - The Biggest Misunderstanding of Analytical Idealism

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1 month ago
1 hour 54 minutes 27 seconds

Within Reason
#127 Bear Grylls - Retelling Jesus' Life as a Thriller

Bear Grylls is a British adventurer, writer, television presenter and former SAS trooper who is also a survival expert. Widely known for his television series Man vs. Wild, he was also appointed as The Scout Association’s youngest-ever Chief Scout of the United Kingdom and Overseas Territories at the age of 35. His new book, The Greatest Story Ever Told, is a retelling of the life of Jesus through the eyes of five Gospel characters: Mary the mother of Jesus, Thomas, Peter, John, and Mary Magdalene.


TIMESTAMPS:

0:00 - Retelling Christianity in the First Person
12:36 - Faith and Doubt Come Together
16:46 - Did Bear’s Research Cause Doubt or Faith?
28:01 - Reconciling the Differences Between the Gospels
39:50 - On Not Putting Words in Jesus’ Mouth
48:59 - Where Alex’s Interest in the Gospels Began
55:24 - Travelling Back to the Time of Jesus: Where Would You Go?

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1 month ago
1 hour 1 minute 15 seconds

Within Reason
#126 Was Jesus an Ancient Magician? - Religion for Breakfast

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Andrew Mark Henry is a scholar of religious studies. His research focus is early Christianity and late Roman religion. He earned his PhD at Boston University.His YouTube channel is "Religion for Breakfast", find it here.


Timestamps:

0:00 - Was Jesus a Magician?

3:35 - The Origins of ‘Magic’

10:02 - Celsus, Christianity’s Earliest Critic

16:35 - The Wise Magi

19:59 - Did Jesus Use a Wand?

30:22 - Curses, Rituals, and Magical Formulas

40:43 - What Kind of “Magus” Was Jesus?

43:52 - Was Jesus a Freelance Ritual Expert?

48:34 - Charisma and the Origin of Exorcism

53:03 - Grimoires: The Magic of the Written Word

01:08:40 - The Religion Department

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1 month ago
1 hour 11 minutes 31 seconds

Within Reason
#125 Emily Qureshi-Hurst - Does God Know What Time It Is?

Dr. Qureshi-Hurst is a Philosopher of Religion and Science at the University of Cambridge. Her work focuses on the relationship between physics—and time in particular—and theology. Her forthcoming book, Decoding the Cosmos: God, Physics, and the Search for Deeper Explanation, explores this relationship in depth.


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TIMESTAMPS:

0:00 - Does the Bible Predict the Big Bang?2:37 - Scientists and Theologians10:18 - Where Did Biblical Literalism Come From?17:31 - How Does Science Conflict with Theology?23:47 - Does God Experience Time?29:27 - The A, B and C Series of Time38:38 - Timeless God, Timed Universe42:52 - Christianity and the End of the Universe48:35 - Intelligent Design and Modern Science55:58 - Is Biblical Literalism a Plausible Reading?58:32 - Why Emily is an Atheist

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1 month ago
1 hour 2 minutes 25 seconds

Within Reason
#124 Sisyphus 55 - So You're Having an Existential Crisis

Ben Thomas is @Sisyphus55, a YouTuber creating videos about philosophy, existentialism, nihilism, absurdism, and meaning. His new book, So You're Having an Existential Crisis: a Roadmap for Lost Souls, is available now.

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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2 months ago
1 hour 31 minutes 16 seconds

Within Reason
#123 Candida Moss - Were Early Christians Really Persecuted by Rome?

Candida Moss is a historian of Christianity and author of The Myth of Persecution: How Early Christians Invented a Story of Martyrdom.

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2 months ago
1 hour 21 minutes 17 seconds

Within Reason
#122 Robert Greene - Near-Death Experiences and the Mind Apart From the Brain

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Robert Greene is an American author of books on strategy, power, and seduction. He has written seven international bestsellers, including The 48 Laws of Power. He is working on a book about the concept of the sublime, and speaks today about its relation to near-death experiences, dreaming, consciousness, and religious belief. Buy his books here.

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2 months ago
1 hour 23 minutes 41 seconds

Within Reason
#121 John Cottingham - The Father of Modern Philosophy: René Descartes

John Cottingham (born 1943) is an English philosopher. The focus of his research has been early-modern philosophy (especially Descartes), the philosophy of religion and moral philosophy. He is a Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at the University of Reading, Professorial Research Fellow at Heythrop College, University of London, and Honorary Fellow of St John's College, Oxford. He is also a current Visiting Professor to the Philosophy Department at King's College, London.

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2 months ago
1 hour 40 minutes 15 seconds

Within Reason
#120 Brant Pitre - Jesus DID Claim to be God

Brant Pitre is an American New Testament scholar and Distinguished Research Professor of Scripture at the Augustine Institute. He has written extensively on the historical Jesus, the Virgin Mary, Paul the Apostle, the origin of the Eucharist, and the canonical Gospels. His book, Jesus and Divine Christology, is available here.

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3 months ago
1 hour 59 minutes 35 seconds

Within Reason
#119 Jim Al-Khalili - The Strange World of Quantum Physics

Jim Al-Khalili is an Iraqi-British theoretical physicist and science populariser. He is professor of theoretical physics and chair in the public engagement in science at the University of Surrey.

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3 months ago
1 hour 5 minutes 53 seconds

Within Reason
#118 Joe Folley - Everything You Need to Know About Logic

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Joe Folley runs the YouTube channel Unsolicited Advice. He graduated from Cambridge University in 202with an MPhil in Philosophy, specialising in logic.


TIMESTAMPS:

0:00 - What is Logic?
5:04 - Aristotelian vs Stoic Logic
12:47 - How Logic Provides Clarity
18:42 Ambiguities in Logical Language
29:07 - Validity vs Soundness in a Logical Argument
39:40 Why Anything Follows From a Contradiction
47:42 - The Law of Non-Contradiction
56:27 - What is Truth and Falsity in Logic?
58:36 - Does Your Mum Know You’re Gay?
1:05:05 What is Fuzzy Logic?
01:08:14 - What is Modal Logic?
01:13:40 - Informal Rules of Logic
01:29:15 - Resources to Learn About Logic

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3 months ago
1 hour 33 minutes 13 seconds

Within Reason
#117 Dan McClellan - The Bible Has More Than One God

Dan McClellan is an American biblical scholar and author of The Bible Says So: What We Get Right (and Wrong) About Scripture’s Most Controversial Issues.


Timestamps:

0:00 Why Does God Say “We”?
14:36 Does God Create the Universe From Nothing?
28:43 Is This Explained By The Trinity?
34:32 Is There Only One God?
47:39 Fake Idols or Gods?
1:02:50 How English Translations Mislead Us Into Monotheism
01:11:02 The Elevation of YHWH to God of the Universe
1:20:36 Polytheism in the New Testament
01:24:14 The Strongest Case For Monotheism in the Old Testament

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3 months ago
1 hour 28 minutes 55 seconds

Within Reason
#116 Peter Godfrey Smith - Animal Consciousness: What Can We Know?

Peter Godfrey-Smith is an Australian philosopher of science and writer, who is currently Professor of History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Sydney. Buy his books here.


Timestamps:

0:00 How Many Times Has the Brain Independently Evolved? 4:36 What is a Nervous System? 7:12 The Differences Between the Human and Animal Brains 13:40 What Does an Octopus Brain Look Like? 25:21 What is it Like to be an Octopus? 35:48 Are the Mind and Body Distinct? 42:46 Panpsychism: Is Everything Conscious? 55:53 How Do Experiences Combine Into One Consciousness? 01:05:08 Which Animals Feel Pain? What is it Like? 01:16:51 Should We Make Shrimp Farming an Ethical Priority? 01:29:22 Animal Science and Animal Foods 01:35:59 The Ethics of Killing Animals 01:52:13 Are Octopuses Playful?

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4 months ago
1 hour 56 minutes 23 seconds

Within Reason
#115 Phil Halper & Niayesh Afshordi - What Came Before The Big Bang?

Niayesh Afshordi is a professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Waterloo. Phil Halper is a science communicator and YouTuber. Together, they have authored a book called "Battle of the Big Bang: The New Tales of Our Cosmic Origins", an overview of the state of modern cosmology on the nature of the big bang.

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4 months ago
2 hours 5 seconds

Within Reason
#114 Simon Blackburn - What is Ethical Emotivism?

Simon Blackburn is well-known both as a writer of popular philosophy introductions (like Think), and also a significant figure in non-cognitivist meta-ethics, having invented the term “quasi-realism” to describe his moral philosophy.

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4 months ago
1 hour 21 minutes 30 seconds

Within Reason
For the curious. A philosophy podcast that sometimes flirts with other disciplines, Within Reason has featured guests including Richard Dawkins, Douglas Murray, William Lane Craig, Peter Singer, Konstantin Kisin, and Neil deGrasse Tyson.