Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem is overseeing one of the most significant shifts in immigration policy in recent U.S. history. Since the Trump administration took office in late January 2025, more than 1.5 million immigrants have either lost or will lose their temporary legal status, including work authorizations and deportation protections.
The most dramatic action involves the termination of Temporary Protected Status, or TPS, for immigrants from 11 countries. Noem has ended TPS designations for Afghanistan, Burma, Cameroon, Haiti, Honduras, Nepal, Nicaragua, Syria, Venezuela, and Ethiopia. Nearly 935,000 of those affected are from Haiti and Venezuela alone. According to immigration policy experts at the Migration Policy Institute, this represents the most rapid loss in legal status for immigrants in recent United States history. Julia Gelatt, an associate director at the organization, stated that losing well over one million work authorizations in a single year has massive ripple effects for employers, communities, families, and the economy.
Noem also terminated humanitarian parole protections for approximately 532,000 immigrants from Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua, and Venezuela. The administration kept humanitarian parole only for 140,000 Ukrainians and maintained some protections for 76,000 Afghans, though that program faces increased scrutiny following recent security incidents.
During her Senate confirmation hearing, Noem pledged to reevaluate TPS designations, stating that the program had been abused and manipulated by the previous administration. She has also recommended sweeping travel restrictions on countries deemed to pose threats to the United States, with plans to expand travel bans to over 30 countries.
Dozens of lawsuits have been filed challenging these terminations as unlawful. However, the Supreme Court has allowed the administration to move forward with stripping legal status despite lower courts expressing concerns about the legality of the decisions. Immigration attorneys note that TPS recipients attempting to seek longer-term legal status face additional obstacles and may be denied asylum relief based on timing technicalities.
The economic impact is substantial. According to George Mason University economist Michael Clemens, removing the nearly 935,000 Venezuelan and Haitian TPS recipients would cause the entire economy to contract by more than 14 billion dollars. The effects will be particularly concentrated in states like Florida, which has more than 400,000 TPS recipients, and Texas, with nearly 150,000.
The terminations are set to take effect by February, with most affected immigrants losing their protections within weeks.
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