Dr. Sunil Gupta explained that diabetes is common in adults over 65 years and often occurs alongside other health issues such as high blood pressure, cholesterol, heart, kidney, or eye problems. Managing diabetes in seniors typically follows a stepwise approach: diet and exercise first, followed by oral medications, and insulin if needed. Blood sugar fluctuations can be dangerous in elderly people, so regular monitoring is essential. If a meal is missed or appetite is low, blood sugar should be checked, and light food, fruits, or milk can be consumed by them. Dr. Gupta emphasized that special care is required for those with comorbid conditions, and newer medications help control blood sugar without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia. Similarly, modern insulin formulations can lower the risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia by up to 30–40%. Foot care in elderly is critical, as poor circulation and nerve damage increase the risk of infections or amputations. Regular foot checks, proper footwear, and avoiding smoking or tobacco are essential. He also noted that Type 1 diabetes, common in children aged 5–15, can occur at any age. Parents should attend training to manage insulin and handle emergencies at home. Regular check-ups and doctor consultations are crucial to prevent complications and maintain overall health in both seniors and children. Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta   Anchor- Mrs. Shraddha Bharadwaj     Podcast: 28/06/2019    Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur     Episode: 93

Dr. Sunil Gupta highlighted several key aspects of diabetes management, emphasizing the importance of balance, awareness, and regular monitoring. He explained that both glucose and fructose are simple carbohydrates, but glucose has a glycemic index of 100, while fructose is slightly lower. Eating sweets or sugary foods leads to a rapid spike in blood sugar, so it is better to avoid fruit juices and consume whole fruits instead, as their fiber helps reduce the glycemic load and glycemic index. People with controlled diabetes should choose low-sugar fruits such as apple, jamun (black plum), and papaya, while high-sugar fruits like mango, chikoo, pineapple should be taken in limited quantities—around 50 grams or two slices. Including protein and complex carbohydrates in meals helps slow sugar absorption and prevents nighttime low sugar (hypoglycemia). Dr. Gupta further explained that swelling in the body can be due to kidney problems, heart failure, liver disease (such as Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease), or certain diabetes medications; in such cases, both salt and water intake should be limited. He stressed that about 70% of diabetic patients die from heart attacks or brain strokes, making regular heart check-ups is essential even if the ECG appears normal. Because diabetes weakens immunity, infections occur more easily, and wounds heal slowly; hence, maintaining blood sugar control is vital. To prevent hypoglycemia, one should eat something every three to four hours. Finally, he advised that diabetes screening should be done at least once a year—or earlier if symptoms like fatigue, weight loss, or frequent urination appear. Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta   Anchor- Mrs. Shraddha Bharadwaj     Podcast: 24/05/2019    Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur     Episode: 92

Diabetes care is not just restricted to a person but it is a social challenge, and therefore both families and society must be educated about it. Dr. Sunil Gupta explained the normal blood sugar range, the effects of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, and how diabetes impacts digestion and metabolism. He discussed diabetes in women, obesity, and the “fit-fat” concept, explaining that even people with normal weight can have internal fat called “visceral fat” that increases diabetes and heart attack risk. Dr. Gupta highlighted that lack of sleep, stress, and an undisciplined lifestyle are major contributors to the rise in diabetes. He described discipline, a balanced diet, regular exercise, and an informed society as the key elements to achieving a “Diabetes Complication-Free India.” Dr. Gupta also mentioned that unexplained weight loss in diabetes could indicate thyroid disorders or other underlying conditions. He concluded with a simple yet powerful message: “Eat less, walk more, sleep well, stay stress-free, and help build an educated, healthy society.” Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta   Anchor- Mrs. Shraddha Bharadwaj     Podcast: 25/01/2019    Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur     Episode: 91

Dr. Sunil Gupta explained that during the summer season, people with diabetes are at higher risk of dehydration, low blood sugar, and infections, making it essential to stay well-hydrated with fluids like water and buttermilk.   Discussing diet, Dr. Gupta recommended moderation in mango and fruit intake, emphasizing that fruit juices should be avoided because they can cause rapid spikes in blood sugar. He also addressed the importance of caution during fasting periods, such as Ramadan or religious fasts, when there is a risk of hypoglycemia (low sugar). In such cases, he stressed that medication adjustments must be made under medical supervision.  For those traveling or unwell, Dr. Gupta suggested following travel and sick-day guidelines—carrying two sets of medicines, a glucometer, and glucose tablets, and never discontinuing medications during illness or vomiting. He warned that dehydration can worsen diabetes control. Concluding his advice, Dr. Gupta reminded that diabetes cannot be completely cured, but with proper lifestyle management, it can be effectively controlled for a healthy, active life.  Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta   Anchor- Mrs. Shraddha Bharadwaj     Podcast: 19/04/2019    Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur     Episode: 90

Dr. Sunil Gupta explained that the prevalence of diabetes in pregnancy (gestational and pre-gestational) is high and may vary from 5% to 20% in different populations in India. He said that 90% of women may not have any symptoms of diabetes, but others may experience symptoms such as frequent vaginal infections, polyuria (increased urination), polyphagia (increased hunger), polydipsia (increased thirst), unexplained weight loss, and fatigue, etc.  Dr. Gupta said that frequent nighttime urination may be one of the symptoms of diabetes. He clarified the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, especially the causes and presentation in children. Addressing common myths, he emphasized that regular use of prescribed medication does not cause serious side effects. Answering a question on increased urinary frequency, he explained that recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) and autonomic bladder neuropathy are often overlooked complications causing such symptoms.  He highlighted that maintaining proper blood sugar control before and during pregnancy is essential to prevent complications for both the mother and the baby. Dr. Gupta also stressed the importance of timely testing, diet management, exercise, and insulin dose adjustment during pregnancy. Concluding his session, he advised that the entire family should take collective responsibility for supporting the expectant mother, calling it a shared “pregnancy project” to ensure a safe and healthy outcome for both mother and child.  Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta Anchor- Mrs. Shraddha Bharadwaj    Podcast: 22/03/2019   Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur    Episode: 89 

On the occasion of Women’s Day, Dr. Sunil Gupta emphasized the importance of awareness about diabetes in women, especially gestational diabetes during pregnancy. He highlighted that in India, one out of every six women may develop high blood sugar during pregnancy, making glucose testing essential in every trimester.  Dr. Gupta explained that uncontrolled blood sugar during pregnancy can lead to low sugar (hypoglycemia) episodes in newborns at the time of birth. He also emphasized that women with diabetes, if planning for pregnancy, should first achieve proper blood sugar control to ensure a healthy outcome for both mother and child.  Dr. Kavita Gupta discussed the vital role of balanced nutrition and lifestyle in maintaining women’s health. She advised that women with diabetes should limit oily, fried foods and fast food, while including vegetables, salads, pulses, paneer, soy, and sprouts in their diet. During pregnancy, the intake of protein and calcium should be increased for proper growth and development. She also recommended drinking adequate water, coconut water (in moderation), and consuming seasonal (as per recommendation) whole fruits during summer to stay hydrated. Addressing the issue of anemia in women, she stressed the importance of iron-rich foods and green vegetables. Her message was clear — “Every woman should maintain balance in her diet, just as she maintains balance in her home and life.”  Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta & Dr. Kavita Gupta  Anchor- Mrs. Shraddha Bharadwaj   Podcast: 08/03/2019  Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur   Episode: 88 

In this education program through Vividh Bharati (All India Radio), Dr. Sunil Gupta explained in detail that diabetes is a multifactorial disease that can affect multiple organs including the eyes, nerves, liver, kidneys, heart, and even sexual health. He highlighted that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), sleep disturbances, frozen shoulder, and sexual dysfunction are among the common complications associated with diabetes.  He elaborated that diabetes medications—such as Metformin, Glitazones, and SGLT2 inhibitors—work in different ways: some drugs like sulfonylureas increase insulin secretion, others improve insulin sensitivity, while some help eliminate excess sugar through urine. Dr. Gupta clarified that starting medication does not necessarily mean lifelong dependency; if blood sugar levels remain under good control, the dosage can be reduced under dose monitoring or, in some cases, the medication can be stopped under medical supervision.  Concluding his address, he emphasized that “the true treatment of diabetes is not just controlling blood sugar but taking care of the whole body through a disciplined and healthy lifestyle.”  Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta  Anchor- Mrs. Shraddha Bharadwaj  Podcast: 22/02/2019  Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur  Episode: 87

Dr. Sunil Gupta explained that Type 2 Diabetes is a multifactorial disorder, influenced by several interconnected factors such as genetics, obesity, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, and stress. He highlighted that even people who appear lean or fit can develop diabetes due to visceral fat—the hidden fat that accumulates around internal organs and disrupts metabolism. Dr. Gupta elaborated that unexplained weight loss in diabetes often occurs when insulin deficiency causes glucose to be excreted through urine. However, he cautioned that persistent or sudden weight loss may sometimes signal other underlying conditions such as tuberculosis or cancer and should not be ignored. He also discussed sarcopenia—the loss of muscle mass commonly seen in people with diabetes—and emphasized the importance of sufficient protein intake, muscle-building resistance exercise, regular physical activity, and a well-balanced diet in preserving muscle strength and metabolic health. Proper exercise, he noted, improves insulin sensitivity and overall blood sugar control. Concluding his address, Dr. Gupta warned that individuals whose blood sugar levels remain above 180 mg/dL (HbA1c > 7%) for long periods are at higher risk of weight loss and other severe complications. He urged everyone to adopt a proactive lifestyle with mindful eating, exercise, and regular medical check-ups for long-term diabetes management. Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta Anchor- Mrs.Kalyani Gokhale Podcast: 3/10/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur Episode: 86

In the All India Radio (Vividh Bharati) program, Dr. Sunil Gupta emphasized that effective diabetes management extends beyond medication and relies equally on mental peace, emotional balance, and a positive outlook—what he calls “glycemic happiness.” Stress, anxiety, and depression, he explained, can disrupt blood sugar control and heighten the risk of complications, making emotional well-being a key component of diabetes care. He urged individuals to focus on early detection of prediabetes and to adopt timely lifestyle modifications to delay or even prevent the progression of the disease. Balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, and consistent monitoring, he said, form the foundation of long-term diabetes control. Dr. Gupta also highlighted the worrying trend of diabetes affecting younger age groups, often due to sedentary routines, poor dietary habits, and increasing stress levels. He advised maintaining a positive mindset, staying active, and adhering to regular medical check-ups and prescribed therapy. Awareness and education, he stressed, are vital to empowering individuals to take control of their health. Concluding his message, Dr. Gupta warned that diabetes is a “sweet killer”—a silent condition that can cause serious harm if ignored but can be effectively prevented and managed through awareness, timely intervention, and adopting a disciplined, healthy lifestyle. Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta Anchor- Mrs. Manjusha Ambulkar Podcast: 1/10/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur Episode: 85

Dr. Sunil Gupta began his address by extending warm greetings for Navratri and emphasized the importance of maintaining moderation and dietary discipline during festivals. He explained that “low blood sugar” (hypoglycemia) can be more dangerous in elderly individuals and that diabetes management goals should be personalized according to a person’s age and associated health conditions. He elaborated on the concepts of “Thrifty Genotype” and “Thrifty Phenotype,” explaining that both our genetic makeup and poor nutrition during pregnancy contribute to the rising burden of diabetes. Addressing the younger generation, he advised adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular physical activity, and effective stress management to reduce the genetic risk. He stated “Genes are the loaded guns, It’s the environment which pulls the trigger.” Responding to audience questions, Dr. Gupta provided simple and practical insights on topics such as hypoglycemia, liver and kidney health, and managing low blood sugar. He concluded by stating that awareness, regular check-ups, and a balanced lifestyle are the most effective keys to keeping diabetes under control. Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta Anchor- Mrs.Kalyani Gokhale Podcast: 26/09/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur Episode: 84

Dr. Sunil Gupta expressed concern over the growing incidence of diabetes in young Indians, noting that the unique “Indian phenotype” makes the population more prone to central obesity, insulin resistance, and early diabetes compared to Western countries. He explained that while diabetes was earlier common in people in their 50s–60s, it is now increasingly being seen in the 30s and 40s, even among lean or physically active individuals. Contributing factors include high-carb, low-protein diets, sedentary lifestyles, stress, genetic risk, and intrauterine influences on diabetes risk (“sitting is the new smoking” he added). The session further emphasized the need for annual check-ups after age 30–35, awareness of warning signs such as excessive thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and vision changes, he stressed 150–250 minutes of exercise per week. He also explained different types of diabetes in youth—Type 1, Type 2, and LADA—stressing that early diagnosis and management are crucial. Concluding the talk, Dr. Gupta warned that diabetes is a “silent sweet killer” but can be prevented through timely tests, lifestyle changes, and medical supervision. Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta Anchor- Mrs.Vaidehi Chaware Podcast: 3/09/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur Episode: 83

Diabetologist Dr. Sunil Gupta emphasized that managing diabetes goes far beyond just taking medication. He introduced the concept of “glycemic happiness”—the combination of peace of mind and a positive outlook—as a crucial factor in effective blood sugar control. According to him, stress, anxiety, and depression can significantly disrupt glucose levels and increase the risk of diabetes-related complications. He also highlighted the importance of early detection of prediabetes and timely lifestyle interventions, which can help delay and even prevent the onset of diabetes. By maintaining regular monitoring, following a balanced diet, engaging in consistent physical activity, and nurturing mental well-being, individuals can successfully manage the condition over the long term. Dr. Kavita Gupta addressed women’s and family-related concerns. She noted that during festivals and special occasions, completely avoiding sweets is not necessary; instead, making healthier choices and practicing portion control is more practical. She suggested simple ways to make traditional delicacies like modaks more nutritious and provided safe-use tips for sugar-free or artificial sweeteners. Dr. Kavita also emphasized the importance of addressing gestational diabetes and women’s mental health during pregnancy, stressing that family support plays a crucial role in both. Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta Anchor- Mrs.Kalyani Gokhale Podcast: 29/08/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur Episode: 82

Diabetes management during pregnancy, nutrition, and breastfeeding. Maintaining proper blood sugar control is essential for women with pre-existing Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes, as well as those with gestational diabetes. Pre-conception counseling is important to ensure that HbA1c, fasting, and post-meal blood glucose levels are within safe limits, along with monitoring blood pressure, cholesterol, and weight to reduce pregnancy complications. During pregnancy and delivery, insulin doses are carefully adjusted, and breastfeeding initiation is emphasized, as insulin is safe during lactation and helps maintain blood sugar stability. Postpartum, women with gestational diabetes should continue healthy habits to minimize the risk of future diabetes and metabolic disorders. Early detection of mildest form of hyperglycemia and its intensive treatment is mandatory in pregnancy. To protect the growing fetus from diabetes, obesity and other non-communicable diseases in their adult life. This is termed as primordial prevention. This concept also plays an important role in reducing transgenerational diabetes risk. Dietitian Dr. Kavita Gupta provided practical guidance on nutrition for pregnant and lactating women. She highlighted the benefits of high-fiber foods, high protein diet with nuts, seeds, and millets, and encouraged using multi-grain flour for balanced meals. She explained portion control, protein requirements across trimesters, and during lactation, and emphasized incorporating nutrient-dense foods while avoiding excess fats and sugars. Dr. Kavita also discussed the importance of washing vegetables thoroughly, lightly steaming sprouts, and using vitamin-rich foods to enhance absorption. She stressed that supplements are only necessary if a deficiency is confirmed, otherwise balanced diet alone is sufficient. Her advice focused on improving milk quality, maternal and infant health, and sustaining energy levels for mothers during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta & Dr Kavita Gupta Anchor- Mrs.Vaidehi Chaware Podcast: 25/07/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur Episode: 81

Diabetes is a metabolic risk which weakens immunity, making patients more susceptible to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, and increasing the severity of illnesses like what we have seen during COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to control blood sugar, blood pressure, cholesterol, and weight to strengthen the body’s defense system. Patients should pay attention to medication timing, blood glucose monitoring, and assess hypoglycemia risks. Diabetes-related complications include retinopathy, cataract, glaucoma, gum infections, neuropathy, kidney disease, and cardiovascular risks, highlighting the need for preventive eye checkups, foot care, early recognition of symptoms, and lifestyle modifications such as regular exercise, avoiding smoking/alcohol, and a healthy diet. A practical A–H formula for long-term diabetes care can be followed: ● A is for HbA1c (target < 7%) A1C ● B for blood pressure (target <130-180 mmHg) ● C for LDL Cholesterol (target < 100mg%) ● D for Diet control ● E for (target 150-250 minutes per week) Exercise ● F for Frequent glucose monitoring ● G for attending Good quality education program ● H for Happiness Dr. Kavita Gupta emphasized diet and lifestyle as key pillars of diabetes care. She explained that medical nutrition therapy is essential for maintaining blood sugar levels and preventing complications. Along with regular exercise, mindful eating, and glucose monitoring, she highlighted the importance of balanced meals, portion control, avoiding excess, and adopting consistent healthy food habits tailored to individual needs. Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta & Dr Kavita Gupta Anchor- Mrs. Kalyani Gokhale Podcast: 12/07/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur Episode: 80

In this interview guidance was shared on diabetes-related complications and their prevention. It was explained that diabetes weakens the immune system, making patients more vulnerable to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, which can become severe. COVID-19 was highlighted as a major example of this risk. It was emphasized that regular exercise, healthy diet, and maintaining control over blood sugar, blood pressure, cholesterol, and weight strengthens the body’s immunity. On the question of the timing of medication, it was informed that time of consumption of glucose-lowering drugs differs for each drug. Some need to take it before meals, others after or few in between the meal. No changes should be made without consulting a doctor. The use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) was recommended for consistent tracking of blood sugar levels, especially in those people who are on multiple doses of insulin therapy (e.g.T1DM and T2DM on insulin therapy), or those where glucometer readings don’t match with HbA1c report, or those with recurring hypoglycemia, unawareness, etc. Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta Anchor- Mrs. Pranjali Bawaskar Podcast: 11/07/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur Episode: 79

At the beginning of the program, Dr. Sunil Gupta explained that the complications of diabetes are of two types: acute complications, such as hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) and diabetic ketoacidosis especially in Type 1DM, both of which can cause sudden and immediate danger. Chronic complications develop slowly over time and affect the eyes, kidneys, heart, brain, and nerves. Hypoglycemia occurs when blood sugar falls below 70 mg/dl, and the main causes could be drug-induced, like insulin or sulfonylurea group of drugs, skipping of the meal, excessive exercise, vomiting or diarrhea, and due to use of drugs like painkillers (analgesics) or a few antibiotics along with glucose-lowering drugs. However, the risk of hypoglycemia has become lower with the use of newer medications compared to older ones. In response to audience questions, it was emphasized that the decision to stop or reduce medication should always be made under the supervision of a doctor. People with prediabetes (HbA1c 5.7–6.4%) can often avoid developing diabetes altogether through timely lifestyle changes. If diabetes runs in the family, the risk of children developing it at an early age is significantly higher. The importance of an annual health check-up covering the eyes, heart, kidneys, and feet was stressed, described as the “greatest gift” a person with diabetes can give themselves is of “Good Health.” When anemia coexists with diabetes, fatigue and complications tend to worsen, making it essential to identify the underlying cause and provide treatment. In cases of leg pain or neuropathy, vitamin deficiencies, blood vessel health, and side effects of a few medicines like statin should all be carefully evaluated. Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta Anchor- Mrs. Kalyani Gokhale  Podcast: 27/06/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur Episode: 78

Diabetes is a condition in which the body cannot regulate blood sugar properly. There are different types of diabetes, each with unique causes and treatment needs. Type 1 diabetes usually occurs in children or young people when the pancreas stops producing insulin completely, making lifelong insulin injections necessary. Type 2 diabetes, more common in adults but increasingly seen in children, occurs when insulin is produced but does not work effectively due to insulin resistance. It may initially be controlled through diet, exercise, and tablets, but many patients eventually require insulin. Gestational diabetes typically develops during pregnancy and often disappears after delivery, yet both the mother and child remain at higher risk of developing diabetes later. Secondary diabetes can occur due to pancreatic infections, steroid use, alcohol, or chronic pancreatitis etc. Another form, known as NODAT (New Onset Diabetes After Transplant), has also been identified. Malnutrition-related diabetes (Type 5) arises when poor maternal nutrition during pregnancy prevents proper development of the child’s pancreas, leading to early beta cell failure in adult life. A condition called “double diabetes” is also seen when children with Type 1 diabetes develop the features of Type 2 due to obesity. Diagnosis for Type 1DM often involves a C-peptide test, which measures how much insulin the body is still making. Importantly, early and strict sugar control provides lasting benefits, known as the Legacy Effect and Good Glycemic Memory, helping prevent complications of the kidney, heart, eyes, nerves, and other organs in subsequent years of life. Good glucose control also keeps mitochondria healthy, ensuring better long-term health. In addition, new GLP-1 analogs such as Tirzepatide and Semaglutide have shown benefits for weight reduction and organ protection, though they should only be taken under medical guidance. Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta Anchor- Mrs. Purva Kulkarni Podcast: 13/06/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur Episode: 77

The relationship between diabetes and obesity was explained in simple terms, highlighting how excess weight leads to insulin resistance. As obesity increases, the effect of insulin in the body decreases. To compensate, the pancreatic beta cells have to work harder to maintain normal blood sugar. Over time, this constant strain on beta cells causes beta cell fatigue and eventual failure. Insulin is secreted from beta cells in two phases. The first phase of insulin release covers the postprandial spike of glucose, while the second phase continues its action for 4–6 hours. In type 1 diabetes, both these phases of insulin release are absent, which is why insulin replacement becomes absolutely necessary. While in T2DM, the first phase of insulin is lost, causing postprandial hyperglycemia. Dr. Gupta emphasized that HbA1c alone cannot provide a complete picture of diabetes control. While it reflects the average sugar level, it does not capture dangerous fluctuations. Glycemic variability—frequent ups and downs in sugar—poses a high risk, and therefore continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is extremely valuable. CGM not only shows the average but also the trends and time-in-range, helping patients and doctors achieve better stability. Dr. Kavita Gupta mainly focused on lifestyle and diet management. She explained the benefits of intermittent fasting and early dinner, pointing out that heavy meals late at night increase both sugar and weight. She suggested the “plate method” of eating: half the plate vegetables, one-fourth pulses or proteins, and one-fourth complex carbohydrates. She emphasized salads, sprouts, yogurt, and the importance of portion control. Addressing common confusion about fruits, she clarified that diabetic people can safely eat seasonal fruits in moderation, as long as juices are avoided and quantity/timing are considered. She also recommended a light “pre-dinner snack” such as fruit between lunch and dinner to prevent hypoglycemia and curb junk food cravings. Her overall message was clear: balanced diet, correct timing, and mindful eating are essential pillars of diabetes care. Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta & Dr Kavita Gupta Anchor- Mrs. Kalyani Gokhale Podcast: 23/05/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur Episode: 76

Obesity is one of the strongest risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Around 60–70% of people with diabetes are either obese or overweight. For Indians, even a BMI above 23 is considered overweight, above 25 obese, and above 30 morbidly obese. Excess body fat, especially inside the abdomen (visceral fat), increases insulin resistance, forcing the pancreas to work harder to maintain normal blood sugar. The pancreas does this through its beta cells, which normally keep glucose between 70–140 mg/dL. But repeated exposure to high-calorie, high-sugar, low-fiber diets puts these cells under constant strain. Over time, beta cells become fatigued and begin to fail. By the time fasting blood sugar reaches 126 mg/dL—the cut-off for diabetes—nearly half to two-thirds of beta cells are already lost. Preserving the remaining cells is therefore of utmost importance. Lifestyle changes are the most effective way to protect beta cells. Regular exercise, a healthy diet, and maintaining normal weight reduce the workload on the pancreas. Indians require at least 250 minutes of brisk walking per week, compared to 150 minutes for Caucasians. Avoiding sweets, fried foods, and excess fat, while ensuring adequate hydration (1.5–2 liters per day), is equally important. Medications that overstress beta cells should be used cautiously to avoid accelerating their decline. Protecting beta cells through lifestyle, diet, regular exercise, and the use of a few drugs (SGLT2i, GLP-1a, etc.), which help protect beta cells, delay their aging, and improve their secretory function, is essential for a healthy future for people with diabetes. Technology is the key to delaying complications and living healthier with diabetes. Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta Anchor- Mrs. Kalyani Gokhale Recorded on: 20/05/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur

When your body begins to lose its ability to respond to insulin effectively, this condition is known as insulin resistance. It places extra pressure on the beta cells of the pancreas, which are responsible for keeping blood sugar levels between 70 to 140 mg/dL. In a healthy individual, even after consuming something sweet—for example, mango juice—blood sugar gets automatically controlled through the quick response of beta cells, which release extra insulin to restore normal glucose levels. However, frequent consumption of high-calorie, high-sugar, or fatty foods significantly increases the workload on these beta cells. Over time, this constant strain can impair their function, disrupt the body’s glucose regulation, and eventually lead to diabetes. Importantly, diabetes is not just a “sugar problem”—it is also a vascular disease. It damages both large and small blood vessels throughout the body: - Large vessel complications include heart attacks (coronary artery disease), strokes (cerebrovascular disease), and leg artery blockages (peripheral artery disease), which can lead to gangrene. - Small vessel complications affect the eyes (diabetic retinopathy), kidneys (diabetic nephropathy), and nerves (diabetic neuropathy), damaging delicate blood vessels of these target organs and impairing vital filtering mechanisms.   Thus, diabetes is a chronic, systemic condition that impacts the entire vascular system and requires a comprehensive approach for prevention and management. Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta Anchor- Purva Kulkarni Recorded on: 24/04/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur