In this episode, Dr. Donohoe and Dr. Panno discuss two of the most commonly used interventions, both in mainstream medical and functional medicine fields, Metformin and Berberine. Dr. Panno recently wrote a paper on this topic where he read through numerous research articles in order to gain more clarity and understanding of these two products (how they work and how effective they are). We get into the science behind them but also the clinical takeaways and what it all means. Below we reference all the articles used.
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Time Stamps
1:10 - Start/Introduction
6:25 - Berberine: What Does It Do And How Effective Is It?
16:30 - Where Does Berberine Come From?
22:45 - Where Does Metformin Come From?
31:30 - How Does Metformin Work? (MOA)
39:50 - How Does Berberine Work? (MOA)
44:10 - Can you take Metformin and Berberine Together?
57:30 - Burst My Beta Cells
Resources/Links Discussed in the episode:
References
Arayne, M., Sultana, N., & Bahadur, S., (2007). The berberis story: berberis vulgaris in therapeutics. Park J Pharm Sci; 20(1): 83-92. PMID: 17337435
Bailey, C., & Day, C., (2004). Metformin: its botanical background. Pract Diabetes Int; 21: 115-117. https://doi.org/10.1002/pdi.606
Bailey, C., & Day, C., (1989). Traditional plant medicines as treatments for diabetes. Diabetes Care; 12(8): 553-564. PMID: 2673695
Center of Disease Control (2020). National Diabetes Statistic Report 2020, Estimates of Diabetes and its burden in the united states. Retrieved at: https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pdfs/data/statistics/national-diabetes-statistics-report.pdf
Chang, W., Zhang, M., Li, J., Meng, Z., Wei, S., Du, H., Chen, L., & Hatch, G., (2013). Berberine improves insulin resistance in cardiomyocytes via activation of 5’adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. Metabolism; 62(8): 1159-1167. PMID: 23537779
Chang, W., Chen, L., & Hatch, G., (2015). Berberine as a therapy for type 2 diabetes and its complication: from mechanism of action to clinical studies. Biochem Cell Biol; 93(5): 479-486. PMID: 19800084
Cheuh, W., & Lin, J., (2012). Protective effect of berberine on serum glucose levels in non-obese diabetic mice. International Immunopharmacology; 12(3): 534-538. PMID: 22266065
Choi, YH., & Lee, MG., (2006). Effects of enzyme inducers and inhibitors on the pharmacokinetics of metformin in rats: involvement of CYP2C11, 2D1, 3A1/2 for the metabolism of metformin. B J Pharmacol; 149(4): 424-30. PMID: 16940989
ClinCal (2020). The Top 200 Drugs of 2021. Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). Retrieved at: https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top200Drugs.aspx
Dong, H., Wang, H., Zhao, L., & Lu, F., (2012). Berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Evidence Based complement alternative med; 2012: 591654. PMID: 23118793
Elbere, I., Kalnina, I., Silamikelis, I., Konrade, I., Zaharenko, L., Sekace, K., et al., Klovins, J., (2018). Association of metformin administration with gut microbiome dysbiosis in healthy volunteers. PLoS One; 13(9): e0204317. PMID: 30261008
Foretz, M., Herbrad, S., Leclerc, J., Zarrinpashneh, E., Soty, M., Mithieux, G., et al., & Viollet, B., (2010). Metformin inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice independently of LKB1/AMPK pathway via a decrease in hepatic energy state. The Journal of Clinical investigation; 120(7): 2355-2369. PMID: 20577053
Fullerton, M., Galic, S., Marcinko, K., Sikkema, S., Pulinikunnil, T., Chen, Z., et al., & Steinberg, G., (2013). Single phosphorylation sites in ACC1 and ACC2 regulate lipid homeostasis in the insulin-sensitizing effects of metformin. Nat Med; 19(12): 1649-1654. PMID: 24185692
Lan, J., Zhao, Y., Dong, F., Yan, Z., Zheng, W., Fan, J., & Sun, G., (2015). Meta-an
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